PartIPreliminaries1Introduction1.1Prologue:RationalistandEmpiricistApproaches1.2ScientificContent1.2.1Questionsthatlinguisticsshouldanswer1.2.2Non1.2.3Languageandcognitionasprobabilisticphenomena1.3TheAmbiguityofLanguage:WhyNLPisDifficult1.4DirtyHands1.4.1Lexicalresources1.4.2Wordcounts1.4.3Zipf’slaws1.4.4Collocations1.4.5Concordances1.5FurtherReading1.6Exercises2MathematicalFoundations2.1ElementaryProbabilityTheory2.1.1Probabilityspaces2.1.2