DistributedSystems(3rd)英文无水印原版pdf第3版pdf所有页面使用FoxitReader、PDF-XChangeViewer、SumatraPDF和Firefox测试都可以打开本资源转载自网络，如有侵权，请联系上传者或csdn删除查看此书详细信息请在美国亚马逊官网搜索此书Copyright@2017MaartenvanSteenandAndrewS.TanenbaumPublishedbyMaartenvanSteenThisbookwaspreviouslypublishedby:PearsonEducation,IncISBN:978-15-430573-8-6(printedversion)ISBN:978-90-815406-2-9(digitalversion)Edition:3.Version:01(February2017)AllrightstotextandillustrationsarereservedbyMaartenvanSteenandAndrewS.Tanenbaum.Thisworkmaynotbecopied,reproduced,ortranslatedinwholeorpartwithoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptforbriefexcerptsinreviewsorscholanyformofinformationstorageadaptationorwhatever,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodsnowknownordevelopedinthefutureisstrictlyforbiddenwithoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisherToMarielle,max,andelkeMVSToSuzanneBarbara,Marvin,Aronnathan,olivia,andmirteASTCONTENTSPreface1Introduction1.1Whatisadistributedsystem?Characteristic1:Collectionofautonomouscomputingelements2Characteristic2:SinglecoherentsystemMiddlewareanddistributedsystems1.2DesigngoalsSupportingresourcesharingMakingdistributiontransparent12Beingscalable15Pitfalls243Typesofdistributedsystems24Highperformancedistributedcomputing25Distributedinformationsystems34Pervasivesystems1.4Summary522Architectures552.1Architecturalstyles56Layeredarchitectures.57Object-basedandservice-orientedarchitectures62Resource-basedarchitectures64Publish-subscribearchitectures2.2MiddlewareorganizationWrappersInterceptors垂番Modifiablemiddleware752.3SystemarchitectureCONTENTSCentralizedorganizations76Decentralizedorganizations:peer-to-peersystemsHybridarchitectures2.4Examplearchitectures94TheNetworkFilesystem94TheWeb982.5Summary3Processes1033.1Threads..104Introductiontothreads104Threadsindistributedsystems1113.2Virtualization116Principleofvirtualizationapplicationofvirtualmachinestodistributedsystems,1223.3Clients124Networkeduserinterfaces124Client-sidesoftwarefordistributiontransparency1273.4Servers128Generaldesignissues129Objectservers133Example:TheApacheWebserver139Serverclusters,,,,,,,1413.5Codemigration152Reasonsformigratingcode152Migrationinheterogeneoussystems1583.6Summary1614Communication4.1Foundations164LayeredProtocols164TypesofCommunication.1724.2Remoteprocedurecall..173Basicrpcoperation174Parameterpassing178RPC-basedapplicationsupport182VariationsonrPc185Example:dCErPc,.1884.3Message-orientedcommunication193Simpletransientmessagingwithsockets.193Advancedtransientmessaging198Message-orientedpersistentcommunication206Example:IBM'sWebSpheremessage-queuingsystem212Example:AdvancedMessageQueuingProtocol(AMQP)....218DS3.01DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFOCONTENTS4.4Multicastcommunication221Application-leveltree-basedmulticasting221Flooding-basedmulticasting225Gossip-baseddatadissemination2294.5Summary2345Naming2375.1Names,identifiersandaddresses2385.2Flatnaming.241Simplesolutions241Home-basedapproaches245Distributedhashtables246Hierarchicalapproaches2515.3Structurednaming256Namespaces.256Nameresolution259Theimplementationofanamespace264Example:TheDomainNameSystem271Example:TheNetworkFileSystem2785.4Attribute-basednaming283Directoryservices283Hierarchicalimplementations:LDAP285Decentralizedimplementations2885.5Summary2946Coordination2976.1Clocksynchronization.298Physicalclocks299Clocksynchronizationalgorithms3026.2Logicalclocks310Lamport'slogicalclocks310Vectorclocks3166.3Mutualexclusion321322acentralizedalgorithm.322adistributedalgorithm323atoken-ringalgorithm.325adecentralizedalgorithm3266.4Electionalgorithms329Thebullyalgorithm.,..330Aringalgorithm332Electionsinwirelessenvironments333Electionsinlarge-scalesystems.3356.5Locationsystems336DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFODS301VIllCONTENTSGPS:GlobalPositioningSystem337WhengPsisnotanoption339Logicalpositioningofnodes3396.6Distributedeventmatching..343Centralizedimplementations3436.7Gossip-basedcoordination349asgregation349Apeer-samplingservice350Gossip-basedoverlayconstruction3526.8Summary3537Consistencyandreplication3557.1Introduction356Reasonsforreplication356Replicationasscalingtechnique3577.2Data-centricconsistencymodels358Continuousconsistency359Consistentorderingofoperations364Eventualconsistency3737.3Client-centricconsistencymodels375MonotonicreadsMonotonicwrites.379Readyourwrite380Writesfollowreads3827.4ReplicamanagementFindingthebestserverlocation383Contentreplicationandplacement..385Contentdistribution..388Managingreplicatedobjects3937.5Consistencyprotocols.396Continuousconsistency..........396Primary-basedprotocols398Replicated-writeprotocolsCache-coherence403Implementingclient-centricconsistency,,...4077.6Example:CachingandreplicationintheWeb4097.7Summar4208Faulttoleran4238.1Introductiontofaulttolerance424Basicconcepts.424Failuodels427Failuremaskingbyredundancy8.2Processresilience432DS3.01DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFO

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原则英文版，总页数为586页，是完整的，此版本是我付费在别的网站上下载的ThankyoufordownloadingthisSimonSchusterebookGetaFreeebookwhenyoujoinourmailinglist.Plus,getupdatesonnewreleases,dealsrecommendedreads,andmorefromSimonSchusterClickbelowtosignupandseetermsandconditionsCLICKHERETOSIGNUPAlreadyasubscriber?Provideyouremailagainsowecanregisterthisebookandsendyoumoreofwhatyouliketoread.YouwillcontinuetoreceiveexclusiveoffersinyourinboxPRINCIPLESRAYDALIOsiMonSCHUSTERNEWYORKLONDONTORONTOSYDNEYNEWDELHIPARTIW豆EREIMCOMIINGFRON1MyCalltoAdventure:1949-19672CrossingtheThreshold:1967-19793MyAbyss:1979-19824MyRoadofTrials:1983-19945TheUltimateBoon:1995-20106ReturningtheBoon:2011-20157MyLastYearandMyGreatestChallenge:2016-20178LookingBackfromaHigherLevelPARTIILIFEPRINCIPLES1EmbraceRealityandDealwithIt2Usethe5-StepProcesstoGetWhatYouWantOutofLife3BeRadicallyOpen-Minded4UnderstandThatPeopleAreWiredVeryDifferently5LearnHowtoMakeDecisionsEffectivelyLifePrinciples:PuttingItAllTogetherSummaryandTableoflifePrinciplesPARTIIIWORKPRINCIPLESSummaryandTableofWorkPrinciplesTOGETTHECULTURERIGHT1TrustinRadicalTruthandRadicalTransparency2CultivateMeaningfulWorkandMeaningfulRelationships3CreateaCultureinWhichItIsOkaytoMakeMistakesandUnacceptableNottoLearnoem4GetandStayinSync5BelievabilityWeightYourDecisionMaking6RecognizeHowtoGetBeyondDisagreementsTOGETTHEPEOPLERIGHT7RememberThattheWHOIsMoreImportantthantheWhat8HireRight,BecausethePenaltiesforHiringWrongAreHuge9ConstantlyTrain,Test,Evaluate,andSortPeopleTOBUILDANDEVOLVEYOURMACHINE10ManageasSomeoneOperatingaMachinetoAchieveagoal11PerceiveandDon'tTolerateproblems12DiagnoseProblemstoGetatTheirrootcauses13DesignImprovementstoYourMachinetoGetAroundYourProblems14DoWhatYouSetOuttodo15USeToolsandProtocolstoShapeHowWorkIsDone16AndforHeaven'sSakeDontOverlookGovernanceWorkPrinciples:PuttingItAllTogetherACKNOWLEDGMENTSABOUTTHEAUTHORCONCLUSIONAPPENDIX.TOOLSANDPROTOCOLSFORBRIDGEWATERSIDEAMERITOCRACYBIBLIOGRAPHYINDEXToBarbara.thehalfmewhohasmademewholeformorethanfortyyearsINTRODUCTIONBeforeibegintellingyouwhatIthink,IwanttoestablishthatI'ma"dumbshit'whodoesntknowmuchrelativetowhatineedtoknowWhateversuccessI'vehadinlifehashadmoretodowithmyknowinghowtodealwithmynotknowingthananythingIknow.ThemostimportantthingIlearnedisanapproachtolifebasedonprinciplesthathelpsmefindoutwhat'strueandwhattodoaboutitI'mpassingalongtheseprinciplesbecauseiamnowatthestageinmylifewhichIwanttohelpothersbesuccessfulratherthantobemoresuccessfulmyself.Becausetheseprincipleshavehelpedmeandotherssomuch,Iwanttosharethemwithyou.It'suptoyoutodecidehowvaluabletheyreallyareandwhat,ifanythingyouwanttodowiththemPrinciplesarefundamentaltruthsthatserveasthefoundationsforbehaviorthatgetsyouwhatyouwantoutoflife.TheycanbeappliedagainandagaininsimilarsituationstohelpyouachieveyourgoalsEveryday,eachofusisfacedwithablizzardofsituationswemustrespondto.Withoutprincipleswewouldbeforcedtoreacttoallthethingslifethrowsatusindividually,asifwewereexperiencingeachofthemforthefirsttime.Ifinsteadweclassifythesesituationsintotypesandhavegoodprinciplesfordealingwiththemwewillmakebetterdecisionsmorequicklyandhavebetterlivesasaresult.Havingagoodsetofprinciplesislikehavingagoodcollectionofrecipesforsuccess.Allsuccessfulpeopleoperatebyrinciplesthathelpthembesuccessful,thoughwhattheychoosetobesuccessfulatvariesenormouslysotheirprinciplesvarTobeprincipledmeanstoconsistentlyoperatewithprinciplesthatcanbeclearlyexplained.Unfortunately,mostpeoplecantdothat.Andit'sveryrareforpeopletowritetheirprinciplesdownandsharethemThatisashame.IwouldlovetoknowwhatprinciplesguidedAlbertEinstein,SteveJobsWinstonChurchill,LeonardodaVinci,andotherssoIcouldclearlyunderstandwhattheyweregoingafterandhowtheyachieveditandcouldcomparetheirdifferentapproaches.I'dliketoknowwhichprinciplesaremostimportanttothepoliticianswhowantmetovoteforthemandtoalltheotherpeoplewhosedecisionsaffectme.Dowehavecommonprinciplesthatbindustogether-asafamly,asacommunity,asanation,asfriendsacrossnations?O1dowehaveopposingprinciplesthatdivideus?whatarethey?letsbespecificThisisatimewhenitisespeciallyimportantforustobeclearaboutourprinciplesMyhopeisthatreadingthisbookwillpromptyouandotherstodiscoveryourownprinciplesfromwhereveryouthinkisbestandideallywritetheedown.Doingthatwillallowyouandotherstobeclearaboutwhatyourprinciplesareandunderstandeachotherbetter.Itwillallowyoutoretinethemasyouencountermoreexperiencesandtoreflectonthem,whichwillhelpyoumakebetterdecisionsandbebetterunderstoodHAVINGYOUROWNPRINCIPLESWecomebyourprinciplesindifferentways.Sometimeswegainthemthroughourownexperiencesandreflections.Sometimesweacceptthemfromothers,likeourparents,orweadoptholisticpackagesofprinciples,suchasthoseofreligionsandlegalframeworksBecauseweeachhaveourowngoalsandourownnatures,eachofusmustchooseourownprinciplestomatchthem.Whileitisntnecessarilyabadthingtouseothers'principles,adoptingprincipleswithoutgivingthemmuchthoughtcanexposeyoutotheriskofactinginwaysinconsistentwithyourgoalsandyournature.Atthesametime,you,likeme,probablydontknoweverythingyouneedtoknowandwouldbewisetoembracethatfact.Ifyoucanthinkforyourselfwhilebeingopen-mindedinaclearheadedwaytofindoutwhatisbestforyoutodo,andifyoucansummonupthecouragetodoityouwillmakethemostofyourlife.Ifyoucantdothat,youshouldreflectonwhythatis,becausethat'smostlikelyyourgreatestimpedimenttogettingmoreofwhatyouwantoutoflifeThatbringsmetomyfirstprincipleThinkforyourselftodecide1,whatyouwant,2ywhatistrue,and3,whatyoushoulddotoachieve#1inlightof#2anddothatwithhumilityandopen-mindednesssothatyouconsiderthebestthinkingavailabletoyou.Beingclearonyourprinciplesisimportantbecausetheywillaffectallaspectsofyourlife,manytimesaday.Forexample,whenyouenterintorelationshipswithothers,yourprinciplesandtheirprincipleswilldeterminehowyouinteract.Peoplewhohavesharedvaluesandprinciplesgetlong.Peoplewhodontwillsufferthroughconstantmisunderstandingsandconflicts.Thinkaboutthepeopleyouareclosestto:Aretheirvaluesalignedwithyours?Doyouevenknowwhattheirvaluesorprinciplesare?Tooofteninrelationships,people'sprinciplesarentclear.ThisisespeciallyproblematicinorganizationswherepeopleneedtohavesharedprinciplestobesuccessfulBeingcrystalclearaboutmyprinciplesiswhyIlaboredsomuchovereverysentenceinthisbookTheprinciplesyouchoosecanbeanythingyouwantthemtobeaslongastheyareauthentic--i.e,aslongastheyreflectyourtruecharacterandvalues

AsuswrtisthenameofthecommonfirmwareAsushasdevelopedfortheirvariousroutermodels.OriginallyforkedfromTomato,ithassincegrownintoaverydifferentproduct,removingsomemoretechnicalfeaturesthatwerepartofTomato,butalsoaddingneworiginalfeaturessuchassupportfordualWANs.Asuswrt-merlinisacustomizedversionofAsus'sfirmware.ThegoalistoprovidebugfixesandminorenhancementstoAsus'sfirmware,withalsoafewoccasionalfeatureadditions.Thisisdonewhileretainingthelookandfeeloftheoriginalfirmware,andalsoensuringthatthetwocodebasesremaincloseenoughsoitwillremainpossibletokeepupwithanynewfeaturesbroughtbyAsusintheoriginalfirmware.Thisproject'sgoalisNOTtodevelopyetanotherfirmwarefilledwithmanyfeaturesthatarerarelyusedbyhomeusers-thatisalreadycoveredbyotherexcellentprojectssuchasTomatoorDD-WRT.Thismoreconservativeapproachwillalsohelpensuringthehighestlevelofstabilitypossible.Priorityisgiventostabilityoverperformance,andperformanceoverfeatures.

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Don'tMakeMeThink第3版英文版文字版全彩色觉得好请留评论DontmakemeThinkRevisitedACommonSenseapproachtoWebUsabilityCopyrighto2014SteveKrugNewriderswww.newniders.comToreporterrorspleasesendanotetoerrata@peachpit.comNewridersisanimprintofpeachpitadivisionofpearsoneducationEditor:ElisabethbayleProjecteditor:NancyDavisProductioneditor:lisabraziealCopyEditorBarbaraFlanaganInteriorDesignandComposition:RomneyLangeIllustrationsbymarkMatchaandMimiHeftFarnhamfontsprovidedbyTheFontbureauInc.(www.fontbureau.comNoticeofRightsAllrightsreservedNopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.Forinformationongettingpermissionforreprintsandexcerpts,contactpermissions@peachpit.comNoticeofliabilityTheinformationinthisbookisdistributedonan"asisbasiswithoutwarranty.whilileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthebook,neithertheauthornorPeachpitshallhaveanyliabilitytoanypersonorentitywithrespecttoanylossordamagecausedorallegedtobecauseddirectlyorindirectlybytheinstructionscontainedinthisbookorbythecomputersoftwareandhardwareproductsdescribedinittrademarksItsnotrocketsurgeryisatrademarkofStevekrugManyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andpeachpitwasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesignationsappearasrequestedbytheownerofthetrademark.allotherproductnamesandservicesidentifiedthroughoutthisbookareusedineditorialfashiononlyandforthebenefitofsuchcompanieswithnointentionofinfringementofthetrademark.Nosuchuse,ortheuseofanytradename,isintendedtoconveyendorsementorotheraffiliationwiththisbookISBN-13:978-0-32196551-6ISBN-10:0-321-96551-5987654321PrintedandboundintheunitedstatesofamericaFirsteditionTomyfather,whoalwayswantedmetowriteabook,Mymother,whoalwaysmademefeellikeIcouldMelanie,whomarriedme-thegreateststrokeofgoodfortuneofmylifeandmyson,Harry,whowillsurelywritebooksmuchbetterthanthisonewheneverhewantstoSecondeditionTomybigbrother,Phil,whowasamenschhiswholelifeThirdeditionToallthepeoplefromallpartsoftheworld--whohavebeensoniceaboutthisbookforfourteenyears.Yourkindwords--inperson,inemail,andinyourblogs-havebeenoneofthegreatjoysofmylifeEspeciallythewomanwhosaiditmadeherlaughsohardthatmilkcameoutheofhernoseContentsPREFACEAboutthiseditionINTRODUCTIONReadmefirstThroatclearinganddisclaimersGUIDINGPRINCIPLESCHAPTER1Dontmakemethink!Krug'sFirstLawofusabilityCHAPTER2HowwereallyusethewebScanning,satisficing,andmuddlingthroughCHAPTER3.BillboardDesign101Designingforscanning,notreadingCHAPTER4.AnimaL,Vegetable,orMineral?WhyuserslikemindlesschoicesCHAPTER5OmitneedlesswordsTheartofnotwritingfortheWebTHINGSYOUNEEDTOGETRIGHTCHAPTER6.StreetsignsandBreadcrumbsDesigningnavigationCHAPTERZTheBigBangTheoryofWebDesignTheimportanceofgettingpeopleoffontherightfootMAKINGSUREYOUGOTTHEMRIGHTCHAPTER8Thefarmerandthecowmanshouldbefriends>Whymostargumentsaboutusabilityareawasteoftime,andhowtoavoidthemChAPTER9.USabilitytestingon10centsadayKeepingtestingsimple--soyoudoenoughofitLARGERCONCERNSANDOUTSIDEINFLUENCESCHAPTER10MObile:It'snotjustacityinAlabamaanymoreWelcometothe21stCentury.YoumayexperienceaslightsenseofvertigoCHAPTER11UsabilityascommoncourtesyWhyyourWebsiteshouldbeamenschCHAPTER12.AccessibilityandyouJustwhenyouthinkyouredone,acatfloatsbywithbutteredtoaststrappedtoitsbackCHAPTER13GuidefortheperplexedMakingusabilityhappenwhereyouliveAcknowledgmentsIndexPreface:aboutthiseditionPeoplecomeandgosoquicklyhere!DOROTHYGALEJUDYGARLAND)INTHEWIZARDOFOZ(1939)Iwrotethefirsteditionofdon'tmakemethinkbackin2000By2002,Ibegantogetafewemailsayearfromreadersasking(verypolitely)ifI'dthoughtaboutupdatingit.Notcomplaining,justtryingtobehelpful."alotoftheexamplesareoutofdate"wastheusualcommentMystandardresponsewastopointoutthatsinceiwroteitrightaroundthetimetheinternetbubbleburstmanyofthesitesiusedasexampleshadalreadydisappearedbythetimeitwaspublishedButIdidn'tthinkthatmadetheexamplesanylessclear.Finally,in2006Ihadastrongpersonalincentivetoupdateit.ButasIrereadittoseewhatIshouldchange,Ijustkeptthinking"Thisisallstilltrue>Ireallycouldn'tfindmuchofanythingthatithoughtshouldbechangedHalfoftheroyaltiesforthebookweregoingtoacompanythatnolongerexisted,anddoinganeweditionmeantanewcontractandtwicetheroyalties-formeIfitwasanewedition,though,somethinghadtobedifferent.SoIaddedthreechaptersthatididn'thavetimetofinishbackin2000,hitthesnoozebutton,andhappilypulledthecoversbackovermyheadforanothersevenyearsSteveKrugACommonSenseApproachtoWebUsabilityFOREWORDBYROGERBLACK2000SteveKrugTHINKACommonSenseApproachtoWebUsabilitySECONDEDITION2006WRitingisreallyhardforme,andI'malwayshappytohaveareasonnottodoit.GivemeagoodoldrootcanaloverwritinganydaySowhynowfinallyanewedition?Tworeasons#1。
Let’sfaceit:It'soldThere'snodoubtaboutitatthispoint:Itfeelsdated.Afterall,it'sthirteenyearsold,whichislikeahundredyearsinInternettime.(See?Nobodyevensaysthingslike"inInternettimeanymoreMostofthewebpagesiusedforexamples,likeSenatorOrrinHatch'scampaignsiteforthe2000electionlookreallyold-fashionednowSitesthesedaystendtolookalotmoresophisticated,asyoumightexpectPRENIDEN'TWWw.\TOCiTheRepublicans:ANewHampshireForumTheDec2DebateThefirstakeahddyeGoPdebyetesThursdayheatsupthepoltcalstylewarsaSenatorHatchfightstokeepsubstancenCampaign2000.EVLLSTORYTheExperiencedCandidateLw警mHatchCampaign2000BeneoiceThatMatters!ClickheretoCONTRIBUTECAMPAIGNNEWSlIVESCONTIRIHIUTORLINTsCOILINKS)LUNTEEILThieRar4每MCICK2cpM(.DisHachPre的d时Ceme,ntP0.00多』LC,UT0403nTERNETANDNTwoRxsaunaSwww.orrinhatch.com1999

DifferentialEquationsandLinearAlgebra(4th)英文无水印原版pdf第4版pdf所有页面使用FoxitReader、PDF-XChangeViewer、SumatraPDF和Firefox测试都可以打开本资源转载自网络，如有侵权，请联系上传者或csdn删除查看此书详细信息请在美国亚马逊官网搜索此书EditorialDirector,Mathematics:ChristinehoagEditor-in-Chief:DeirdreLynchAcquisitionsEditor:WilliamHoffmaProjectTeamLead:ChristinaleProjectmanager:LaurenMorseEditorialAssistant:JenniferSnyderProgramTeamLead:KarenwernholmProgramManagerDaniellesimbajonCoverandillustrationDesign:StudioMontageProgramDesignLead:BethPaquinProductMarketingManagerClaireKozarProductMarketingCoordiator:BrookesmithFieldMarketingManager:EvanStCyrSeniorAuthorSupport/TechnologySpecialist:JoevetereSeniorProcurementSpecialist:CarolMelvilleInteriorDesign,ProductionManagement,AnswerArt,andCompositioneNergizerAptara,LtdCoverImage:LighttrailsonmodernbuildingbackgroundinShanghai,China-hxdyl/123RFCopyrightO2017,2011,2005PearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliates.AllRightsReserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispublicationisprotectedbycopyright,andpermissionshouldbeobtainedfromthepublisherpriortoanyprohibitedreproduction,storageinaretrievalsystem,ortransmissioninanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopyingrecording,orotherwise.Forinformationregardingpermissions,requestformsandtheappropriatecontactswithinthePearsonEducationGlobalRights&Permissionsdepartmentpleasevisitwww.pearsoned.com/permissions/PEARSONandALWAYSLEARNINGareexclusivetrademarksintheU.s.and/orothercountriesownedbyPearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliatesUnlessotherwiseindicatedherein,anythird-partytrademarksthatmayappearinthisworkarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowandanyreferencestothird-partytrademarks,logosorothertradedressarefordemonstrativeordescriptivepurposesonly.SuchofsuchmarksoranyrelationshipbetweentheownerandPearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliates,authors,licenseesordistributortreferencesarenotintendedtoimplyanysponsorship,endorsement,authorization,orpromotionofPearsonsproductsbytheownersLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataGoode.StephenwDifferentialequationsandlinearalgebra/StephenW.GoodeandScottA.AnninCaliforniastateUniversity,Fullerton.-4theditionpagescmIncludesindexISBN978-0-321-96467-0—ISBN0-32196467-51.Differentialequations.2.Algebras,Linear.I.Annin,Scott.II.TitleQA371.G6442015515’.35-dc23201400601512345678910V031-1918171615PEARSONISBN10:0-321-96467-5www.pearsonhighered.comISBN13:978-0-321-96467-0ContentsPrefacevii1First-OrderDifferentialEquations1.1DifferentialEquationsEverywhere11.2BasicIdeasandTerminology131.3TheGeometryofFirst-OrderDifferentialEquations231.4SeparableDifferentialEquations341.5SomeSimplePopulationModels451.6First-OrderLinearDifferentialEquations531.7ModelingProblemsUsingFirst-OrderLinearDifferentialEquations61.8Changeofvariables711.9ExactDifferentialEquations821.10Numericalsolutiontofirst-OrderDifferentialEquations931.11SomeHigher-OrderDifferentialEquations1011.12ChapterReview1062MatricesandSystemsofLinearEquations1142.1Matrices:Definitionsandnotation1152.2MatrixAlgebra1222.3TerminologyforSystemsofLinearEquations13824R。
w-EchelonMatricesandElementaryR。
wOperations1462.5Gaussianelimination1562.6TheInverseofasquarematrix1682.7ElementaryMatricesandtheLUFactorization1792.8TheInvertiblematrixtheoremi1882.9ChapterReview1903Determinants1963.1TheDefinitionofthedeterminant1963.2PropertiesofDeterminants2093.3CofactorExpansions2223.4SummaryofDeterminants2353.5ChapterReview242iyContents4VectorSpaces2464.1Vectorsinrn2484.2DefinitionofaVectorSpace2524.3Subspaces2634.4SpanningSets2744.5LinearDependenceandLinearIndependence2844.6Basesanddimension2984.7Changeofbasis3114.8RowSpaceandColumnSpace3194.9TheRank-NullityTheorem3254.10InvertibleMatrixTheoremll3314.11ChapterReview3325InnerProductSpaces3395.1DefinitionofanInnerproductspace3405.2OrthogonalSetsofvectorsandorthogonalProjections3525.3Thegram-Schmidtprocess3625.4LeastSquaresApproximation3665.5ChapterReview3766LinearTransformations3796.1Definitionofalineartransformation3806.2Transformationsofr23916.3TheKernelandrangeofalineartransformation3976.4AdditionalPropertiesofLinearTransformations4076.5Thematrixofalineartransformation4196.6Chaiterreview4287EigenvaluesandEigenvectors4337.1TheEigenvalue/EigenvectorProblem4347.2GeneralResultsforEigenvaluesandEigenvectors4467.3Diagonalization4547.4AnIntroductiontotheMatrixExponentialFunction4627.5OrthogonalDiagonalizationandQuadraticforms4667.6Jordancanonicalforms4757.7Chapterreview4888LinearDifferentialEquationsofOrdern4938.1GeneralTheoryforLinearDifferentialEquations4958.2ConstantCoefficientHomogeneousLinearDifferentialEquations5058.3ThemethodofundeterminedcoefficientsAnnihilators5158.4Complex-ValuedTrialSolutions5268.5OscillationsofaMechanicalSystem529Contentsv8.6RLCCircuits5428.7TheVariationofparametersmethod5478.8ADifferentialEquationwithNonconstantCoefficients5578.9Reductionoforder5688.10ChapterReview5739SystemsofDifferentialEquations5809.1First-OrderLinearSystems5829.2VectorFormulation5889.3GeneralResultsforfirst-OrderLinearDifferentialystems5939.4VectorDifferentialEquations:NondefectiveCoefficientMatrix5999.5VectorDifferentialEquations:DefectiveCoefficientMatrix6089.6Variation-of-ParametersforLinearSystems6209.7SomeApplicationsofLinearSystemsofDifferentialEquations6259.8MatrixExponentialFunctionandSystemsofDifferentialEquations6359.9ThePhasePlaneforLinearAutonomousSystems6439.10NonlinearSystems6559.11ChapterReview66310TheLaplaceTransformandSomeElementaryApplications67010.1DefinitionoftheLaplaceTransform67010.2TheExistenceofthelaplacetransformandtheInversetransform67610.3PeriodicFunctionsandtheLaplacetransform68210.4ThetransformofderivativesandsolutionofInitial-Valueproblems68510.5TheFirstShiftingTheorem69010.6TheUnitStepFunction69510.7TheSecondShiftingTheorem69910.8ImpulsiveDrivingTerms:TheDiracDeltaFunction70610.9TheConvolutionIntegral71110.10ChapterReview71711SeriesSolutionstoLinearDifferentiaEquations72211.1AReviewofpowerseries72311.2SeriesSolutionsaboutanOrdinaryPoint73111.3TheLegendreEquation74111.4SeriesSolutionsaboutaRegularSingularPoint75011.5Frobeniustheory75911.6Bessel'sEquationofOrderp77311.7Chapterreview785ViContentsAReviewofComplexNumbers791BReviewofPartialFractions797CReviewofIntegrationTechniques804DLinearlyIndependentSolutionstox2y+xp(x)y+g(x)y=0811Answerstoodd-NumberedExercises814Index849S.W.GoodededicatesthisbooktomeganandtobiS.A.annindedicatesthisbooktoarthurandJuliannthebestparentsanyonecouldaskforPretraceLikethefirstthreeeditionsofDifferentialEquationsandLinearalgebra,thisfourtheditionisintendedforasophomorelevelcoursethatcoversmaterialinbothdifferentialequationsandlinearalgebra.Inwritingthistextwehaveendeavoredtodevelopthestudentsappreciationforthepowerofthegeneralvectorspaceframeworkinformulatingandsolvinglinearproblems.Thematerialisaccessibletoscienceandengineeringstu-dentswhohavecompletedthreesemestersofcalculusandwhobringthematurityofthatsuccesswiththemtothiscourseThistextiswrittenaswewouldnaturallyteachblendinganabundanceofexamplesandillustrations,butnotattheexpenseofadeliberateandrigoroustreatment.MostresultsareprovenindetailHowever,manyofthesecanbeskippedinfavorofamoreproblem-solvingorientedapproachdependingonthereader'sobjectives.Somereadersmayliketoincorporatesomeformoftechnology(computeralgebrasystem(CAS)orgraphingcalculator)andthereareseveralinstancesinthetextwherethepoweroftechnologyisillustratedusingtheCasMaple.Furthermore,manyexercisesetshaveproblemsthatrequiresomeformoftechnologyfortheirsolutionTheseproblemsaredesignatedwithaoIndevelopingthefourtheditionwehaveoncemorekeptmaximumflexibilityofthematerialinmind.Insodoing,thetextcaneffectivelyaccommodatethedifferentemphasesthatcanbeplacedinacombineddifferentialequationsandlinearalgebracourse,thevaryingbackgroundsofstudentswhoenrollinthistypeofcourse,andthefactthatdifferentinstitutionshavedifferentcreditvaluesforsuchacourse.Thewholetextcanbecoveredinafivecredit-hourcourse.Forcourseswithalowercredit-hourvalue,someselectivitywillhavetobeexercised.Forexample,much(orall)ofChapterImaybeomittedsincemoststudentswillhaveseenmanyofthesedifferentialequationstopicsinanearliercalculuscourse,andtheremainderofthetextdoesnotdependonthetechniquesintroducedinthischapter.Alternatively,whileoneofthemajorgoalsofthetextistointerweavethematerialondifferentialequationswiththetoolsfromlinearalgebrainasymbioticrelationshipasmuchaspossible,thecorematerialonlinearalgebraisgiveninChapters2-7sothatitispossibletousethisbookforacoursethatfocusessolelyonthelinearalgebrapresentedinthesesixchapters.ThematerialondifferentialequationsiscontainedprimarilyinChapters1and8-1l,andreaderswhohavealreadytakenafirstcourseinlinearalgebracanchoosetoproceeddirectlytothesechaptersThereareothermeansofeliminatingsectionstoreducetheamountofmaterialtobecoveredinacourse.Section2.7containsmaterialthatisnotrequiredelsewhereinthetext,Chapter3canbecondensedtoasinglesection(Section3.4)forreadersneedingonlyacursoryoverviewofdeterminants,andSections4.7,5.4,andthelatersectionsofChapters6and7couldallbereservedforasecondcourseinlinearalgebra.InChapter8Sections8.4,8.8,and8.9canbeomitted,and,dependingonthegoalsofthecourse,Sections8.5and8.6couldeitherbede-emphasizedoromittedcompletelySimilarremarksapplytoSections9.7-9.10.AtCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullertonwehaveafourcredit-hourcourseforsophomoresthatisbasedaroundthematerialinChapters1-9viiiPrefaceMajorChangesintheFourthEditionSeveralsectionsofthetexthavebeenmodifiedtoimprovetheclarityofthepresentationandtoprovidenewexamplesthatreflectinsightfulillustrationswehaveusedinourowncoursesatCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton.OthersignificantchangeswithinthetextarelistedbeleOW1.ThechapteronvectorspacesinthepreviouseditionhasbeensplitintotwochaptersChapters4and5)inthepresentedition,inordertofocusseparateattentiononvectorspacesandinnerproductspaces.Theshorterlengthofthesetwochaptersisalsointendedtomakeeachofthemlessdaunting2.Thechapteroninnerproductspaces(Chapter5)includesanewsectionprovidinganapplicationoflinearalgebratothesubjectofleastsquaresapproximation3.Thechapteronlineartransformationsinthepreviouseditionhasbeensplitintotwochapters(Chapters6and7)inthepresentedition.Chapter6isfocusedonlineartransformations,whileChapter7placesdirectemphasisonthetheoryofeigenvaluesandeigenvectors.Oncemore,readersshouldfindtheshorterchapterscoveringthesetopicsmoreapproachableandfocused4.Mostexercisesetshavebeenenlargedorrearranged.Over3,000problemsarenowcontainedwithinthetext,andmorethan600concept-orientedtrue/falseitemsarealsoincludedinthetext5.Everychapterofthebookincludesoneormoreoptionalprojectsthatallowformorein-depthstudyandapplicationofthetopicsfoundinthetext6.ThebackofthebooknowincludestheanswertoeveryTrue-FalsereviewitemcontainedinthetextAcknowledgmentsWewouldliketoacknowledgethethoughtfulinputfromthefollowingreviewersofthefourthedition:JameyBassofCityCollegeofSanFrancisco,TamarFriedmannofUniversityofrochester,andlinghaiZhangofLehighUniversityAlloftheircommentswereconsideredcarefullyinthepreparationofthetextS.A.Annin:Ioncemorethankmyparents,ArthurandJuliannAnnin,fortheirloveandencouragementinallofmyprofessionalendeavors.Ialsogratefullyacknowledgethemanystudentswhohavetakenthiscoursewithmeovertheyearsand,insodoinghaveenhancedmyloveforthesetopicsanddeeplyenrichedmycareerasaprofessorFirst-OrderDifferentiaEquations1.1DifferentialEquationsEverywhereadifferentialequationisanyequationthatinvolvesoneormorederivativesofanunknownfunction.Forexample(1.1.1dxds(S-1)(1.1.2)aredifferentialequations.Inthedifferentialequation(1.1.1)theunknownfunctionordependentvariableisy,andxistheindependentvariable;inthedifferentialequation(1.1.2)thedependentandindependentvariablesareSandt,respectively.Differentialequationssuchas(1.1.1)and(1.1.)inwhichtheunknownfunctiondependsonlyonasingleindependentvariablearecalledordinarydifferentialequations.Bycontrast,thedifferentialequationLaplace'sequation)0involvespartialderivativesoftheunknownfunctionu(x,y)oftwoindependentvariablesxandy.SuchdifferentialequationsarecalledpartialdifferentialequationsOnewayinwhichdifferentialequationscanbecharacterizedisbytheorderofthehighestderivativethatoccursinthedifferentialequationThisnumberiscalledtheorderofthedifferentialequation.Thus,(l1.1)hasordertwo,whereas(1.1.2)isafirst-orderdifferentialequation1

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