DistributedSystems(3rd)英文无水印原版pdf第3版pdf所有页面使用FoxitReader、PDF-XChangeViewer、SumatraPDF和Firefox测试都可以打开本资源转载自网络，如有侵权，请联系上传者或csdn删除查看此书详细信息请在美国亚马逊官网搜索此书Copyright@2017MaartenvanSteenandAndrewS.TanenbaumPublishedbyMaartenvanSteenThisbookwaspreviouslypublishedby:PearsonEducation,IncISBN:978-15-430573-8-6(printedversion)ISBN:978-90-815406-2-9(digitalversion)Edition:3.Version:01(February2017)AllrightstotextandillustrationsarereservedbyMaartenvanSteenandAndrewS.Tanenbaum.Thisworkmaynotbecopied,reproduced,ortranslatedinwholeorpartwithoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptforbriefexcerptsinreviewsorscholanyformofinformationstorageadaptationorwhatever,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodsnowknownordevelopedinthefutureisstrictlyforbiddenwithoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisherToMarielle,max,andelkeMVSToSuzanneBarbara,Marvin,Aronnathan,olivia,andmirteASTCONTENTSPreface1Introduction1.1Whatisadistributedsystem?Characteristic1:Collectionofautonomouscomputingelements2Characteristic2:SinglecoherentsystemMiddlewareanddistributedsystems1.2DesigngoalsSupportingresourcesharingMakingdistributiontransparent12Beingscalable15Pitfalls243Typesofdistributedsystems24Highperformancedistributedcomputing25Distributedinformationsystems34Pervasivesystems1.4Summary522Architectures552.1Architecturalstyles56Layeredarchitectures.57Object-basedandservice-orientedarchitectures62Resource-basedarchitectures64Publish-subscribearchitectures2.2MiddlewareorganizationWrappersInterceptors垂番Modifiablemiddleware752.3SystemarchitectureCONTENTSCentralizedorganizations76Decentralizedorganizations:peer-to-peersystemsHybridarchitectures2.4Examplearchitectures94TheNetworkFilesystem94TheWeb982.5Summary3Processes1033.1Threads..104Introductiontothreads104Threadsindistributedsystems1113.2Virtualization116Principleofvirtualizationapplicationofvirtualmachinestodistributedsystems,1223.3Clients124Networkeduserinterfaces124Client-sidesoftwarefordistributiontransparency1273.4Servers128Generaldesignissues129Objectservers133Example:TheApacheWebserver139Serverclusters,,,,,,,1413.5Codemigration152Reasonsformigratingcode152Migrationinheterogeneoussystems1583.6Summary1614Communication4.1Foundations164LayeredProtocols164TypesofCommunication.1724.2Remoteprocedurecall..173Basicrpcoperation174Parameterpassing178RPC-basedapplicationsupport182VariationsonrPc185Example:dCErPc,.1884.3Message-orientedcommunication193Simpletransientmessagingwithsockets.193Advancedtransientmessaging198Message-orientedpersistentcommunication206Example:IBM'sWebSpheremessage-queuingsystem212Example:AdvancedMessageQueuingProtocol(AMQP)....218DS3.01DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFOCONTENTS4.4Multicastcommunication221Application-leveltree-basedmulticasting221Flooding-basedmulticasting225Gossip-baseddatadissemination2294.5Summary2345Naming2375.1Names,identifiersandaddresses2385.2Flatnaming.241Simplesolutions241Home-basedapproaches245Distributedhashtables246Hierarchicalapproaches2515.3Structurednaming256Namespaces.256Nameresolution259Theimplementationofanamespace264Example:TheDomainNameSystem271Example:TheNetworkFileSystem2785.4Attribute-basednaming283Directoryservices283Hierarchicalimplementations:LDAP285Decentralizedimplementations2885.5Summary2946Coordination2976.1Clocksynchronization.298Physicalclocks299Clocksynchronizationalgorithms3026.2Logicalclocks310Lamport'slogicalclocks310Vectorclocks3166.3Mutualexclusion321322acentralizedalgorithm.322adistributedalgorithm323atoken-ringalgorithm.325adecentralizedalgorithm3266.4Electionalgorithms329Thebullyalgorithm.,..330Aringalgorithm332Electionsinwirelessenvironments333Electionsinlarge-scalesystems.3356.5Locationsystems336DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFODS301VIllCONTENTSGPS:GlobalPositioningSystem337WhengPsisnotanoption339Logicalpositioningofnodes3396.6Distributedeventmatching..343Centralizedimplementations3436.7Gossip-basedcoordination349asgregation349Apeer-samplingservice350Gossip-basedoverlayconstruction3526.8Summary3537Consistencyandreplication3557.1Introduction356Reasonsforreplication356Replicationasscalingtechnique3577.2Data-centricconsistencymodels358Continuousconsistency359Consistentorderingofoperations364Eventualconsistency3737.3Client-centricconsistencymodels375MonotonicreadsMonotonicwrites.379Readyourwrite380Writesfollowreads3827.4ReplicamanagementFindingthebestserverlocation383Contentreplicationandplacement..385Contentdistribution..388Managingreplicatedobjects3937.5Consistencyprotocols.396Continuousconsistency..........396Primary-basedprotocols398Replicated-writeprotocolsCache-coherence403Implementingclient-centricconsistency,,...4077.6Example:CachingandreplicationintheWeb4097.7Summar4208Faulttoleran4238.1Introductiontofaulttolerance424Basicconcepts.424Failuodels427Failuremaskingbyredundancy8.2Processresilience432DS3.01DOWNLOADEDBYTEWIGOMIXMAIL.INFO

*Suiteofsimple,portablebenchmarks*Comparesdifferentsystemsperformance*Resultsavailableformostmajorvendors(SUN,HP,IBM,DEC,SGI,PCsincluding200MhzP6's)*Freesoftware,coveredbytheGNUGeneralPublicLicense.*BandwidthbenchmarksoCachedfilereadoMemorycopy(bcopy)oMemoryreadoMemorywriteoPipeoTCP*LatencybenchmarksoContextswitching.oNetworking:connectionestablishment,pipe,TCP,UDP,andRPChotpotatooFilesystemcreatesanddeletes.oProcesscreation.oSignalhandlingoSystemcalloverheadoMemoryreadlatency*MiscellaniousoProcessorclockratecalculation

arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc-4.8.3已验证可用，请放心使用。
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-gcc是Codesourcery公司（目前已经被Mentor收购）基于GCC推出的的ARM交叉编译工具。
可用于交叉编译ARM系统中所有环节的代码，包括裸机程序、u-boot、Linuxkernel、filesystem和App应用程序。

这是我自己写的一个程序，用于公司的自动监控业务。
本来觉得这个很简单，后来弄了小两天才弄好。
在开发过程中，知道要用FileSystemWatcher类，用这个类比较简单，有固定套路。
但是技术难点在于，基于事件的处理，onchanged事件的多次触发，还有oncreated事件的处理，因为在刚一创建的时候，该事件即被触发，导致文件还没有创建完成就触发事件，导致程序报异常。
多次触发的解决方案是参考网上的大侠说的，在事件处理函数里，先停止监听事件，等处理完成，再开启监听。
欢迎大家给出好的建议。
网上有很多解决方案，感觉都够让人头大，微软的这个东西，方便是方便，但是用好它却不易，所以微软做的东西也没有按照我党的教育方针，以人为本啊。

docker1.7.1离线安装包及所需的依赖rpm-ivhlxc-libs-1.0.9-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhlua-alt-getopt-0.7.0-1.el6.noarch.rpmrpm-ivhlua-filesystem-1.4.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhlua-lxc-1.0.9-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhlxc-1.0.9-1.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhdocker-io-1.7.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhdevice-mapper-libs-1.02.117-12.el6.x86_64.rpm--force--nodepsservicedockerstart

Theacceleratingdeploymentoflarge-scaleweb,cloud,BigData,andvirtualizedcomputingsystemshasintroducedseriousnewchallengesinperformanceoptimization.Untilnow,however,littlereliable,practicalinformationhasbeenavailabletoITprofessionalswhoareresponsibleforrunningthesesystemsefficientlyandcost-effectively.SystemsPerformance:EnterpriseandtheCloudisthesolution.InternationallyrenownedperformanceoptimizationexpertBrendanGreggbringstogetherstate-of-the-arttechniquesandtoolsforanalysisandtuningoflarge-scaleweb/cloudcomputingenvironments.GreggfocusesonLinux/Unix/Solarisperformanceissues,whileofferingprovenmethodologiesanddiscussingkeyissuesthatapplytoallenterpriseoperatingsystems.Coverageincludes:Modernperformanceanalysisandcapacityplanning,includingkeyissuessuchaslatencyanddynamictracingNewperformanceandreliabilitychallengesassociatedwithcloudcomputingMethodology,concepts,terminology,tools,andmetricsKeytradeoffs,includingproblemsofloadvs.architectureTuningoperatingsystems,CPUs,memory,filesystems,disks,networks,andbussesTuningvirtualizedsystemsProgramminglanguageissuesrelatedtoperformance—includingapplicationprofilingforC,C++,Java,andnode.jsBenchmarkingstrategiesandpitfalls,includingcustommicrobenchmarking

CopyrightPrefacexvChapter1.Introduction1Section1.1.WhatIsanOperatingSystem?4Section1.2.HistoryofOperatingSystems6Section1.3.OperatingSystemConcepts19Section1.4.SystemCalls26Section1.5.OperatingSystemStructure42Section1.6.OutlineoftheRestofThisBook51Section1.7.Summary51Problems52Chapter2.Processes55Section2.1.IntroductiontoProcesses55Section2.2.InterprocessCommunication68Section2.3.ClassicalIPCProblems88Section2.4.Scheduling93Section2.5.OverviewofProcessesinMINIX3112Section2.6.ImplementationofProcessesinMINIX3125Section2.7.TheSystemTaskinMINIX3192Section2.8.TheClockTaskinMINIX3204Section2.9.Summary214Problems215Chapter3.Input/Output221Section3.1.PrinciplesofI/OHardware222Section3.2.PrinciplesofI/OSoftware229Section3.3.Deadlocks237Section3.4.OverviewofI/OinMINIX3252Section3.5.BlockDevicesinMINIX3261Section3.6.RAMDisks271Section3.7.Disks278Section3.8.Terminals302Section3.9.Summary366Problems367Chapter4.MemoryManagement373Section4.1.BasicMemoryManagement374Section4.2.Swapping378Section4.3.VirtualMemory383Section4.4.PageReplacementAlgorithms396Section4.5.DesignIssuesforPagingSystems404Section4.6.Segmentation410Section4.7.OverviewoftheMINIX3ProcessManager420Section4.8.ImplementationoftheMINIX3ProcessManager447Section4.9.Summary475Problems476Chapter5.FileSystems481Section5.1.Files482Section5.2.Directories491Section5.3.FileSystemImplementation497Section5.4.Security526Section5.5.ProtectionMechanisms537Section5.6.OverviewoftheMINIX3FileSystem548Section5.7.ImplementationoftheMINIX3FileSystem566Section5.8.Summary606Problems607Chapter6.ReadingListandBibliography611Section6.1.SuggestionsforFurtherReading611Section6.2.AlphabeticalBibliography618AppendixA.InstallingMIN

hdfs是hadoop的分布式文件系统，即HadoopDistributedFilesystem。
下面主要讲下HDFS设计中的比较重要的点，使读者能通过简短的文章一窥HDFS的全貌，适合对HDFS有一点了解，但是对HDFS又感到困惑的初学者。
本文主要参考的是。
当数据集的大小超过了一台物理机所能存储的能力时，就需要将它进行分区并存储到若干不同的独立的计算机上，其中管理跨多台计算机存储的文件系统称为分布式文件系统。
目录使用HDFS的场景HDFS的工作模式文件系统命名空间（namespace）数据复制文件系统元数据的持久化通讯协议健壮性数据组织可访问性存储空间回收HDFS适合于以流式数据访问模式来存

GetstartedwithPerl5andlearntheimportantcoreconceptsofPerlprogramming,suchasvariables,flowcontrol,expressions,andI/O.Additionally,thisbookcoverspatternmatchingandshowsthatPerlisextremelyflexibleandpowerful,andthatitisn’tafraidofthecloud.Afterreadingandusingthisbook,you’llbeabletostartwritingyourownpowerfulscriptstosolvemanywebandprogrammingproblems.Thisisabookforthoseofuswhobelievedthatwedidn’tneedtolearnPerl,andnowweknowitismoreubiquitousthanever.You’llseethatPerlhasevolvedintoamultipurpose,multiplatformlanguagepresentabsolutelyeverywhere:heavy-dutywebapplications,thecloud,systemsadministration,naturallanguageprocessing,andfinancialengineering.ThisbookprovidesvaluableinsightintoPerl’sroleregardingallofthesetasksandmoregivingyouagreatstartinyourPerlprogrammingadventure.WhatYouWillLearnPerformoperationsonscalarvaluesUsescalar,array,andassociativearrayvariablesWorkwithflowcontrolstatementssuchasif,unless,while,until,for,andforeachReadandwritedirectlytofileswithfilehandlesUseconditionalexpressionssuchasnumericandstringcomparison,regularexpressions,filetesting,andPerlstatementsFormatoutputwithformatstatementsSearchforandreplacesub-stringswithinastringusingregularexpressionsMasterPerlutilitiessuchassplit,join,indexandmoreControlthefilesystemandprocessesfromwithinaPerlscriptBuildfunctionsfortasksincludinghandlingthescopeofvariablesImportexistingmodulesintoyourPerlscriptWhoThisBookIsForThosewhoarenewtoPerl.

Enviro-ThecompletedynamicAAAskyandweathersolution!Veryeasysetup:Thenewmanagercomponentmakesiteasyaspossibletosetupenviroinyourscenes.IncludesEnviroLite!ThisversionincludesEnviroLiteversionaswell.Idealformulti-platformprojects:Useliteversionforlowendplatformlikemobilesandstandardforpcandconsoles.Withoneclickyoucanswitchbetweenenviroversions.ThecentralizedAPIforyourownscriptswillworkforbothversionsofcourse.ProfileSystem:Enviro'snewprofilesystemmakestweakingyourskyaseasyaspossible.Tweaksettingsinruntimeandsavetoprofile.Loadprofilesindesignandruntime.Createdifferentprofilesfordifferentscenesorshareyourconfigurationswithotheruser.Day-Nightcycle:Envirosupportsarealisticday-nightcycle.Withcorrectsunandmoonpositionswithfulllocationsupportwithlatitudeandlongitude.Youhaveoptionstouseyoursystemtimeorletenviroupdatetimebasedonrealtimeminutes.Skybox:Enviroincludesanadvancedfastatmosphericskyboxshadertogetgreatlookingskies!Yougotalotofoptionstotweaktheskyandevencansetupfunkyalienskies!Lighting:Envirowillrealisticlylightyourscenebasedonsunaltitude.Youhavecompletecontroloverlightintensityandcolorbymodifyingcurvesandgradientsrightineditor!Youalsocanchoosebetweendifferentambientlightmodesofcourse.Seasons:Envirowillchangeseasonsandgotacomponentstoswapoutgameobject,materialsandtexturesofunityterrain.Youarenotlimitedtorealisticsettings!Youcansetthestartandenddaysofeachseason.Enviroalsosupportstemperaturesimulation,basedonseason,timeofdayandcurrentweather.Clouds:Environewraymarchingcloudsystemisbasedonlatestcloudrenderingpapers.Thesewillbringyouskytolifeandofferplentyoptionstocustomize.CloudsperformanceisoptimizedbyusingtechsliketemporalreprojectionandLODsystem.Inadditiontherearealsofastflatandparticlecloudsoptionstomixoruseformaximumperformance.Fog:Needstunnishinglookingfog?Enviroincludesanadvancedlightscatteringfogimageeffectwithdistance,heightandskyfogsupport.Needfogonyourtransparentmaterial?Noproblem,withonlyafewlinesofcodeyoucouldmodifyyourowntransparentshaderstobefoggedcorrectly.Andafewparticleandtransparentshadersalreadyincludedtogetyoustarted!Weather:Enviroincludesaverypowerfullweathersystem.Youcancreateyourownweathertypesanddrivelight,sky,fogandclouds.Envirosupportsallkindofunityshurikenparticleeffectstogiveyouthefreedomtocreateanyweathereffectyoucanthinkof.Itincludes11premadeweathertypesincluding:ClearSky,cloudy,raining,stormy,snowyandfoggyweather.Youcanenablelightningstormsandchoosedifferentambientandweathersoundsforeachweatherwithsmoothtransitions.VolumetricLighting:NeedsomevolumelighteffectsyouseeinAAAgames?Noproblem,envirosupportvolumetriclightingfordirectional,pointandspotlightsoutofthebox!SceneViewEffects:Previewenviroeffectslikeclouds,volumelightingandfogdirectlywhileyouworkonyourscenes.Youcanenableordisablesceneviewpreviewforeacheffectindividualofcourse.Networking:EnvirosupportUNet,MirrorandPhotonoutofthebox.Itwillsynchronizetimeandweatherwithallyourplayers.Enviroalsogotanminimalmodeforheadlessserverstoonlycalculatetimeandweatherbutnothingmore.VirtualReality:Envirosupportsmultiandsinglepassstereoscopicrendering!TestedonOculusRift.That'snotall!Enviroincludesalotmoregreatfeatures:*Eventsystemforyougamelogic.*WeatherZones.Createasmanyzoneswiththeirownweatherforyourbiomes.*Orbitingsatellites.*VegetationGrowth.Andyoucanusealotofawesome3rd-partyassetsrightofthebox.Activateandadd3rd-partysupportthroughthenewinterface.Againitseasyandfastaspossible!*GaiaCompatible!*CTSCompatible!*AQUASIntegration!*LUXWaterIntegration!*FogVolume3Integration!*VegetationStudioProIntegration!*PlaymakerActions!*ReliefTerrainShaderIntegration!*UBERShaderIntegration!*MicroSplatIntegration!*MegaSplatShaderIntegration!*LuxShaderIntegration!*PhotonNetworkIntegration!*MirrorNetworkIntegration!*PegasusIntegration!Requirements:*Supportgammaandlinearcolorspace.*Supportforwardanddeferredrendering.*WorkingonDX9,DX11,DX12,OpenGlCore,MetalandVulkan.*VolumetricLightingrequiresatleastshader-model3.5+andwillbedeactivatedonDX9Currentlimitation:*Volumetriccloudsarecurrentlynotsuitableforfly-throughs!Willbeworkedoninlaterupdates!

在日常工作中，钉钉打卡成了我生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，有时候这个看似简单的任务却给我带来了不少烦恼。 每天早晚，我总是得牢记打开钉钉应用，点击"工作台"，再找到"考勤打卡"进行签到。有时候因为工作忙碌，会忘记打卡，导致考勤异常，影响当月的工作评价。而且，由于我使用的是苹果手机，有时候系统更新后，钉钉的某些功能会出现异常，使得打卡变得更加麻烦。 另外，我的家人使用的是安卓手机，他们也经常抱怨钉钉打卡的繁琐。尤其是对于那些不太熟悉手机操作的长辈来说，每次打卡都是一次挑战。他们总是担心自己会操作失误，导致打卡失败。 为了解决这些烦恼，我开始思考是否可以通过编写一个全自动化脚本来实现钉钉打卡。经过一段时间的摸索和学习，我终于成功编写出了一个适用于苹果和安卓系统的钉钉打卡脚本。