非常详细的实际案例解读，快速了解ISO9001-2015新增加内容，提高转版通过率1so9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与前言刖言中国已经成为so9001证书发行量最多的国家,文件多但写了不做、应付各种审核已经成为中国相当一部分企业s○体系的通病。
lSO不是用来改善管理、改变人做事习惯的工具,反而成为我们的负担新版本S○最大的特点是删除了质量手册与程序文件,而之前很多企业就是停留在质量手册与程序文件这种表面形式上,不去落实同时新版要求在做质量体系策划时要进行风险识别,根据风险来策划质量管理体系。
这些要求与广东中欧企业管理研究所策划的质量管理体系不谋而合。
中欧硏究所根据企业推行so存在的问题,摸索出套既能应付认证、应对二方审核,同时又能帮助企业提升品质、提升效率、降低成本的模式,得到所有服务过的企业的认可。
我们只做6个程序文件,其他根据前期风险识别找到的失控点策划要做的控制卡,通过推行控制卡,狠抓执行,让每一个失控点得到控制,产生立竿见影的效果。
3/3031SO9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与前言同时,新版SO对质量目标要求形成目标方案,这也与我们的攻关方案不谋而合。
我们针对瓶颈和老大难问题,定出分段目标,循序渐进,制订出具体的动作,明确责任人、完成时间、资源要求,并定期检讨,有效地帮助企业解决多年的痼疾,即所谓的行业难题。
lso9001是有用的,关键是我们怎么用。
我们编写的这一套|so系列丛书,一定会帮助越来越多的企业—不管是几十人的小企业,还是上万人的大企业—找到改善的方向,厘清解决问题的思路。
关键是量身定做、见招拆招,不要去生搬硬套,给SO—个什么固定的模式,能帮助企业成长、发展的模式就是好模式。
2015版sO9001更关注服务行业发展,语言描述更贴近服务行业,这是so9001的一大进步,未来10年,更多服务行业推行sO9001将成为趋势。
谭洪华4/3031So9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与一为什么要改版为什么要改版根据ls。
Tc176sC2,改版的战略意图和目标是:(1)反映当今质量管理体系在实践和技术方面的变化,为未来10年或更长时间规定核心要求质量管理近10年,风险管理、项目管理、过程方法管理、日本精益生产模式发展迅速,并得到全世界管理界人士的认可,S◎9001也必须吸收新鲜血液,才能与时俱进,才能注入新的生命。
(2)确保本标准反映组织在运作过程中日益加剧的复杂、动态的环境变化从1987年s9001第一版推出,国际形势与环境发生了翻天覆地的变化,第三世界迅速崛起,中国从农业国变为制造业大国并逐步转型升级,向制造业强回迈进。
同时,SO9001在各国的推行过程中也暴露出很多问题,如文件过多、运行成本高、文件停留在形式等,so9001改版势在必行。
5/3031S9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与为什么要改版(3)确保制定的要求能促进组织的有效实施及有效的第一方、第二方和第三方符合性评估So9001的标准能为任何一方的审核提供依据或标准,不管是客户还是认证机构,或者其他相关质量管理体系,都是以S9001为基础(4)确保本标准是充分的,以提供对满足要求的组织信任这里的要求指法律法规要求及相关方要求,如客户。
通过lso9001的推行与认证,提供给社会一个质量保证与改善的信任。
lso9001标准一般5~8年改版一次,最长8年必须改版。
6/3031so9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与(一)1个目的二改版的主要内容概述据美通社北京2015年9月24日电,2015年9月23日,万众瞩目的lso9001:2015重磅发布,这标志着全球质量管理一个新的开始已经到来。
负责标准修订工作的SO/TC176工作委员会主席Dr.Nigel表示:lso9001新版为未来25年的质量管理标准做好了准备。
这次修改体现在以下方面(一)1个目的新版so901更加聚焦于一个核心目的,那就是‘质量管理体系(QMs)的预期结果”。
关键是产品和服务是否符合了要求?顾客满意度是否增强了?最终是否朝着实现组织战略的方向在迈进?这才是评价质量管理体系(QMs)有效性的终极标准。
7/303so9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与(二)2个模型(二)2个模型新版标准更新了两个模型,即过程模型(如图2-1所示)和质量管理体系(QMs)结构模型(如图2-2所示)4.ContextoftheOrganization组织环境10.Improv5.1eadershivement改进领导力ActPlanPAS99IntegratedManayementFramework9.PerformanceEvaluation6.planning績效评价策划Check7.S8.Operation支持运行图2-1过程模型8/3031so9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与(三)3大支柱1.Scope导列好3:管理体系标准的新结构和格式范围明确∫O际标准未来发展柱架及方向国际标准化组织对管理体系标准在结构、格式、通用短(2.NormativeReference3.TermsandDefinitions语和定义方面进行了统一。
这(规范性引用文件术语和定义将确保今后编制或修订管理体系标准的持续性、整合性和简4ContextoftheOrganizations.Leadership单化,这也将使标准更易读、(组织环境领导力易懂所有管理体系标准将遵循1Oi6.Planning7.Support8.OperationapplementAnnexSI的要求,(策划支持运行以便整合其他标准文件中的不同主题和要求,统一定义,如:组织、相关方、(9.PerformanceEvaluation(10.Improvement方针、日标、能力、符合性绩效评价改进统一的表述,如:最高管理者应确保组织内的职责、权限得到规定和沟通ISO27001S20000SO22301图22质量管理体系(QMS)结构模型(三)3大支柱新版标准从MSS高阶结构、基于风险的思维、领导力三个方面,从实体结构和思维结构的不同方向,为面向未来的s9001构造了三大支柱,对质量管理体系(QMS)具有全局性的影响。
(1)Mss(管理体系标准)高阶结构与so9001:2008相比,2015版是由表21中的10个条款构成的表21S09001:2015与s09001:2008条款之比较9/303so9001:2015新版质量管理体系详解与(三)3大支柱条款1s09001:2015S0900l:2008范围范围1234567规范性引用文件规范性引用文件术语和定义术语和定义组织环境质量管理体系领导力管理职责策划支持资源管理续表条款IS09OI:2015IsO900l:20088运行产品实现绩效评价测量、分析和改进10改进(2)领导力So9001在改版过程中有一个很重要的思想,就是要强化最高管理者在QMs内的作用,决定赋予最高管理者一个更积极的角色。
毋庸置疑,最高管理者的参与和支持对于QMS实现预期结果、达成QMs有效性至关重要,而现实的矛盾在于最高管理者的参与程度实际上有所下降。
因此,新版标准在多个方面试图强化领导力在QMs中的作用。
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park2016年出版的关于poe的机器人教材

planning权限实施操作手册.docx

RRT快速扩展随机树路径规划，无需更改即可使用

规划权限类型页面我们建议在安装python，和其他依赖项之前在工作：$makemakerules$makeinit$make每夜这些页面由。
执照该项目中的软件是开源的，并包含在文件中。
复制到该存储库中的各个数据集可能具有特定的版权和许可，否则，该存储库中的所有内容和数据均为并根据许可的条款提供。

ICC完整设计流程，Data_setup,design_planning,placement,clocktreesynthesis,routing,chipfinishing.

由于上传限制，分割成3个压缩包了。
(转载)常常看到坛子里的朋友们专研和讨论SAP某一个功能的配置和用法，精神可嘉。
某项具体功能地实现，的确是顾问的基本功，但如果要从SAP业务顾问提升到另一个层次，无论是方案架构师、项目经理，还是管理咨询、业务流程专家（BPX,BusinessProcessExpert），都需要对企业架构、组织功能和业务流程等内容有一个全面而系统地认识和理解。
高度决定视野。
仔细想来，企业之间的竞争，不仅是客户、供应商、资金等外部资源的竞争，企业内部的业务流程竞争才是成败的关键。
每一个成功的企业背后，一定有一套优于竞争对手的业务流程，丰田之道就是一个很好的案例。
因此，个人以为，在实施SAP系统时，应该花更多的精力专注于端到端(End-to-End)业务流程地设计和优化上，尽可地消除业务流程中非增值的活动，而不是简单地用配置和二次开发来满足用户体验或无关大局的功能。
增值与不增值最简单的判断依据就是看客户是否愿意为这一生产活动付钱。
当然这并不是唯一标准，例如QA本身并不产生增值，理论上可以省去，但在实践中还是必不可少的，因为流程的主体——人，毕竟不是精密的机器。
最基本的端到端的业务流程包括：定单到收款(Order-to-Cash)采购到付款(Purchase-to-Pay)计划到制造(Planning-to-Manufacturing)会计到报告(Accounting-to-Reporting)招聘到退休(Recruiting-to-Retiring)也许将来按模块划分的SD、MM、PP、FI/CO顾问将会消失，取而代之的是业务流程专家。
最近，SAP公司在SDN上推出了BPX社区，体现了SAP对业务流程的重视。
SAPSolutionComposer就是一个很好的工具，通过预定义400多个最新的行业、跨行业以及基础构造和服务导图，帮助SAP顾问和客户对业务流程有一个共同的认识和描述；
快速定位客户的关键业务需求并与SAP商业套件中的解决方案相对应，清楚地界定项目范围；
即便是对于SAP的初学者或企业管理人员，也可以通过SAPSolutionComposer学习到跨国企业运作中的主要业务流程和了解SAP系统的概览。
（最新版的SAPSolutionComposer12M左右）

由于上传限度，联系成3个收缩包了。
(转载)频频看到坛子里的朋友们专研协议判SAP某一个成果的配置配备枚举以及用法，肉体可嘉。
某项详尽成果地实现，确凿是照料的底子功，但假如要从SAP破产照料提升到另一个条理，无论是方案架构师、名目司理，照常管理咨询、破产流程专家（BPX,BusinessProcessExpert），都需要对于企业架构、结构成果以及破产流程等内容有一个片面而体系地见识以及知道。
高度遴选视线。
卖力想来，企业之间的相助，不光是客户、提供商、资金等内部资源的相助，企业内部的破产流程相助才是成败的关键。
每一个告成的企业眼前，未必有一套优于相助敌手的破产流程，丰田之道便是一个很好的案例。
于是，总体感应，在实施SAP体系时，应该花更多的肉体专一于端到端(End-to-End)破产流程中间案以及优化上，尽可地消除了破产流程中非增值的行为，而不是约莫地用配置配备枚举以及二次开拓来满足用户体验或者无关大局的成果。
增值与不增值最约莫的分辨依据便是看客户能否宁愿为这一生产行为付钱。
当然这并非仅有尺度，譬如QA自身并不暴发增值，实际上能够省去，但在实际中照常必不可少的，由于流程的主体——人，终于不是大雅的机械。
最底子的端到真个破产流程搜罗：定单到收款(Order-to-Cash)倾销到付款(Purchase-to-Pay)方案到制作(Planning-to-Manufacturing)管帐到报告(Accounting-to-Reporting)应聘到退休(Recruiting-to-Retiring)大概未来按模块松散的SD、MM、PP、FI/CO照料将会磨灭，取而代之的是破产流程专家。
迩来，SAP公司在SDN上推出了BPX社区，展现了SAP对于破产流程的看重。
SAPSolutionComposer便是一个很好的货物，经由预约义400多个最新的行业、跨行业以及底子结谈判效率导图，帮手SAP照料以及客户对于破产流程有一个怪异的见识以及描摹；
快捷定位客户的关键破产需要并与SAP贸易套件中的处置方案相对于应，明晰地界定名目规模；
纵然是对于SAP的初学者或者企业管理人员，也能够经由SAPSolutionComposer学习到跨国企业运作中的首要破产流程以及知道SAP体系的概览。
（最新版的SAPSolutionComposer12M左右）

IT项目管理第六版课本之课后答案，供参考解答。
望君以了解为主TableofcontentsCHAPTERI2CHAPTER24CHAPTER36CHAPTER47CHAPTER5CHAPTER620CHAPTER724chaPteR829ChAPTER9CHAPTER10CHAPTER1137CHAPTER1240APPEnDIXA42APPENDIXB47APPENDIXCListofsolutionfilesavailableandreferencedinthisdocument,inalphabeticalorderName▲SizeTypeEnseExA-2289KBMicrosoftofficeProjectDocument5BEXA-3270KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument22J5eExA-4337KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument国appC1313KBMicrosoftofficeExcelWorksheet图ex4216KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图ex-323KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheet4KbMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheet国x4525KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheete×5-221KBMicrosoftOfficePowerPoint97-2003PresentationElex5-3123KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument152KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument已区区ex7-519KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheet17KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet20KBMicrosoftOFficeExcel97-2003Worksheet16KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet16KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet16KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheel17KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheetrung17KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003WorksheetEfrun5-4123KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument131KbMicrosoftOFficeProjectDocumentE179KBMicrosoftofficeProjectDocument21KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet国run7-221KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet17KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet国run114KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图run917KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图run11115KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图run12215KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheetes1video1-215KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图vdeo1317KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图wde2-3141KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocument155KBMicrosoftOfficeProjectDocumentesvideo4-22KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003Worksheet四vde04220KBMicrosoftoFficeExcel97-2003Worksheet图vde5-317KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003WorksheetEshlvideo6-114KBMicrosoftOfficeExcel97-2003Worksheet到vde6218KBMicrosoftofficeExcel97-2003WorksheetInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲CHAPTER1IntroductiontoProjectManagementDISCUSSIONOUESTTONS1.Whyisthereaneworrenewedinterestinthefieldofprojectmanagement?Moreandmoreprojectsarebeingdonebyavarietyoforganizations.Theprojectsaremorecomplexandofteninvolvetheuseofnewtechnologies.Organizationsarestrugglingtofindbetterwaystomanagetheirprojects.2.Whatisaproject,andwhatareitsmainattributes?Howisaprojectdifferentfromwhatmostpeopledointheirday-Lo-dayjobs?Whatisthetripleconstraint?aprojectis"atemporaryendeavorundertakentocreateauniqueproduct,service,orresult"(PMBOKGuide,2008,p.5).Inadditiontobeingtemporaryandunique,otherattributesofprojectsarethattheyaredevelopedusingprogressiveelaboration,requireresourcesfromvariousareas,shouldhaveaprimarycustomerorsponsor,andinvolveuncertainty.Projectsaredifferentfromday-to-dayactivitiesprimarilybecausetheyhavefocusedgoalsanddefinitebeginningandendingdates.Thetripleconstraintismanagingscope,time,andcostgoals3.Whatisprojectmanagement?Brieflydescribetheprojectmanagementframework,providingexamplesofstakeholders,knowledgeareas,toolsandtechniques,andprojectsuccessfactorsProjectmanagermentis"theapplicationofknowledge,skills,tools,andtechniquesloprojectactivitiesinorderLomeetprojectrequirements"(PMBOKGuide,2008,p9).Theprojectmanagementframeworkgraphicallyshowstheprocessofbeginningwithstakeholdersneedsandexpectations,applyingthenineprojectmanagementknowledgeareasandvarioustoolsandtechniquestoleadtoprojectsuccessandthenenterprisesuccess.Forexample,ifaprojectweretoimplementanERPsystemforalargecompany,thestakeholderswouldincludemanagersandusersfrommanydifferentdepartments(finance,manufacturing,humanresourcesIT,etc.)allnineknowledgeareaswouldbeimportant,numeroustoolsandtechniqueswouldbeapplied(seeTable1-1),andprojectsuccessmightbebasedonimplementkeyfunctionsbyacertaintimeforacertaincostorhavingthenewsystempayforitselfwithinacertaintimeperiod4.Whatisaprogram?Whatisaprojectportfolio?Discusstherelationshipbetweenprojects,programs,andportfoliomanagementandthecontributionstheyeachmaketoenterprisesuccessaprogramis"agroupofprojectsmanagedinacoordinatedwaytoobtainbenefitsandcontrolnotavailablefrommanagingthemindividually(PmbokGuide,2008,p9)Projectportfoliomanagementfocusesonmanagingprojectsasisasaportfolioofinvestmentsthatcontributetotheentireenterprisessuccess.Projectsarepartofprogramswhicharepartofportfolios5.Whatistheroleoftheprojectmanager?Whataresuggestedskillsforallprojectmanagersandforinformationtechnologyprojectmanagers?Whyisleadershipsoimportantforprojectmanagers?Howisthejobmarketforinformationtechnologyprojectmanagers?Theprojectmanagerisultimatelyresponsibleforprojectsuccess.Manysuggestedskillsarelistedinthischapter,includingstrongleadershipskills,organizationalskills,technicalskills,andmanysofskills.ITprojectmanagersrequirethesameskillsasgeneralprojectmanagers,buttheyshouldalsoknowsomethingaboutthetechnologyusedfortheprojectandthetypesofpeoplewhoworkoninformationtechnologyprojectsLeadingbyexampleisthemostimportanttraitofeffectiveprojectmanagers.Thejobmarketforinformationogyprojectmanagerscontinuestoremainstrong,especiallyforthosewithstrongbusinessandleadershipskills6.Brieflydescribesomekeyeventsinthehistoryofprojectmanagement.WhatroledoestheProjectManagementInstituteandotherprofessionalsocietiesplayinhelpingtheprofessionSomepeoplesaythatbuildingtheegyptianpyramidsorthegreatwallofChinawereprojects,butmodernprojectmanagementbeganwiththeManhattanProjectordevelopmentoftheatomicbomb.Thatprojecttookaboutthreeyearsandcostalmosts2billionin1946andhadaseparateprojectmanagerandtechnicalmanagerGanttchartswerefirstusedin1917,andnetworkdiagramswereusedin1958.PMiisthemainprofessionalsocietyforprojectmanagers,andtheyrunthePMPcertificationprogramInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲7.Whatfunctioncanyouperformwithprojectmanagementsoftware?Whataresomepopularnamesoflowend,midrange,andhigh-endprojectmanagementtools?Projectmanagenentsoftwarecanassistindevelopingschedules,communicatinginformation,trackinprogress,etc.PopulartoolsincludemilestonesSimplicity,Project2007,andthemicrosoftEnterpriseProjectManagementsolutiontonameafewEXERCISESAnswerstoalloftheseexerciseswillvary.Themainpurposeoftheseexercisesistohavestudentsbegindoingsomeindependentresearchtofurtherexplorethefieldofprojectmanagement.Youcouldhavestudentsdiscusstheresultsoftheseexercisesinclasstoenhanceparticipation,assignsomeforhomework,ordobothInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲CHAPTER2TheprojectmanagementandlnformationtechnologycontextDISCUSSIONOUESTIONS1.Whatdoesitmeantotakeasystemsviewofaproject?Howdoestakingasystemsviewofaprojectapplytoprojectmanagement?Takingasystemsviewmeanslookingatthebigpictureofhowaparticularprojectfitsintotherestoftheorganization.Itisimportantforprojectmanagerstounderstandthebroaderorganizationalenvironmenttoensuretheirprojectsmeetorganizationalneeds2.Explainthefourframesoforganizations.Howcantheyhelpprojectmanagersunderstandtheorganizationalcontextfortheirprojects?ThefourframesoforganizationsaresummarizedbelowStructural:dealwithhowtheorganizationisstructuresandfocusonrolesandresponsibilities.ItsimportanttounderstandtheserolesandresponsibilitieswhendealingwithprojectstakeholdersespeciallyinprocuringresourcesHumanresources:focusesonmeetingtheneedsoftheorganizationanditspeople.ProjectmanagersmustunderstandvarioushumanresourcespoliciesandproceduresPolitical:addressesorganizationalandpersonalpolitics.Manyprojectmanagersfailbecausetheydonotunderstandthepoliticalenvironment.Symbolic:focusesonsymbolsandmeanings.It'simportanttounderstandanorganizationsculturedresscode,workethic,andsooninmanagingprojects3.Brieflyexplainthediferencesbetweenfunctional,matrix,andprojeclorganizations.DescribehoweachstructureaffectsthemanagementoftheprojectFunctionalorganizationshavemanagersorvicepresidentsinspecialtiessuchasengineering,manufacturing,informationtechnology,andsoon.Theirstaffshavespecializedskillsintheirrespectivedisciplines.ProjectorganizationshaveprojectmanagersinsteadoffunctionalmanagersreportingtotheCEO.matrixorganizationsrepresentthemiddlegroundbetweenfunctionalandprojectstructures.Personneloftenreporttobothafunctionalmanagerandoneormoreprojectmanagers.Projectmanagershavethemostauthorityinprojectorganizationalstructuresfollowedbymatrix,andthenfunctional4.Describehoworganizationalcultureisrelatedtoprojectmanagement.Whattypeofculturepromotesastrongprojectenvironment?Organizationalcultureisasetofsharedassumptions,values,andbehaviorsthatcharacterizethefunctioningofprojectmanagementandfollowstheguidelinesforapplyingit,itwillbemucheasiertopracticegoodprojedanorganization.Thisculturecandefinitelyimpactprojectmanagement.Forexample,ifanorganizationvaluesmanagement.Projectworkismostsuccessfulinanorganizationalculturewhereemployeesidentifymorewiththeorganization,whereworkactivitiesemphasizegroups,andwherethereisstrongunitintegration,highisktolerance,perfornance-basedrewards,highconflicttolerance,anopenl-systernsfocus,andabalancedfocusonpeople,control,andmeans-orientation5.Discusstheimportanceoftopmanagementcommitmentandthedevelopmentofstandardsforsuccessfulprojectmanagement.ProvideexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoftheseitemsbasedonyourexperienceonanytypeofprojectTopmanagementcommitmentisthenumberonefactorassociatedwiththesuccessofinformationtechnologyprojects,soit'sveryimportanttogetandmaintainthissupport.Topmanagementcanhelpprojectmanagersgetadequateresources,approveuniqueprojectneeds.getcooperationfromotherpartsoftheorganization,andprovidesupportasamentorandcoachtoprojectmanagers.Exampleswillvary6.Whatarethephasesinatraditionalprojectlifecycle?Howdoesaprojectlifecycledifferfromaproductlifecycle?whydoesaprojectmanagerneedtounderstandboth?Atraditionalprojectlifecycleisacollectionofprojectphases-concept,development,implementation,andclose-out.Thesephasesdonotvarybyproject.ProductlifecyclesvarytremendouslybasedonthenatureofInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲theproject.Forexample,theSystemsDevelopmentLifeCycle(SDLC)couldfollowthewaterfallmodelspiralmodelincrementalreleasemodel,prototypingmodel,orRADmodel.UsingthegeneralphasesoftheSDLC(informationsystemsplanning,analysis,design,implementation,andsupport)therecouldbeaprojecttodevelopastrategicinformationsystemsplan;anotherprojecttocompleteasystemsanalysisforanewsystem;anotherprojecttocreateadetaileddatabasedesign;anothertoinstallnewhardwareorsoftware,andanothertoprovidenewusertraining7.Whatmakesinformationtechnologyprojectsdifferentfromothertypesofprojects?Howshouldprojectmanagersadjusttothesedifferences?itprojectsaredifferentfromothertypesofprojectsbecausetheycanbeverydiverseintermsofsizeandcomplexity,theyoftenincludeleammemberswithverydiversebackgroundsandskills,andhetechnologiesinvolvedarealsoverydiverse.ProjectmanagersshouldadjusttothesedifferencesbypayingcarefulattentiontothegoalsoftheprojectandtheneedsofvariousstakeholdersDefineglobalization,outsourcing,andvirtualteamsanddescribehowthesetrendsarechangingITprojectmanagementGlobalizationhascreateda"flat"worldwhereeveryoneisconnectedandthe"playingfield"islevelformanyingiswhedsand/orsoVirtualteamsoccurwhenagroupofindividualswhoworkacrosstimeandspaceusingcommunicationtechnologies.Eachofthesetrendshasaffectedthewayinwhichprojectworkisdoneandhowprojectsneedtobemanaged.ItisveryrareforaprojectteamtositinthesameworkareaandworkatthesametimeManagementandcoordinationismuchmorecomplicatedEXERCISESAnswerstoalloftheseexerciseswillvaryInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲chaPTER3TheProjectManagementProcessGroups:ACaseStudyDISCUSSIONQUESTIONS1.Brieflydescribewhathappensineachofthefiveprojectmanagementprocessgroups(initiatingplanningexecuting,monitoringandcontrolling,andclosing).Whattypesofactivitiesaredonebeforeinitiatingproject?Descriptionsofwhathappensineachofthefiveprocessgroupsarelistedbelow:Initiatingincludesactionstocommittobeginorendprojectsandprojeclphases.Somedeliverablesincludedefiningthebusinessneedfortheproject,gettingaprojectsponsor,andselectingaprojectPlanningincludescreatingworkableplansfortheentireproject.EveryknowledgearearequiresdevelopmentofsomeplansExecutinginvolvescoordinatingeveryoneandeverythingtocarryouttheprojectplans.DeliverablesincludetheproductsoftheprojectorphaseMonitoringandcontrollingensurestheprojectobjectivesaremet.DeliverablesincludemonitoringandmeasuringprogressandtakingcorrectiveactionClosinginvolvesbringingtheprojecttoanorderlyend.deliverablesincludeorganizationalprocessassetsupdatesandclosedprocurementsBeforeinitiatingaproject,organizationsoftendeterminehigh-levelscope,time,andcostconstraintsforaproject,identifytheprojectsponsor,selecttheprojectmanager,anddevelopabusinesscasefortheproject,tonameafewApproximatelyhowmuchtimedogoodprojectmanagersspendoneachprocessgroupandwhyAndyCrowe'sresearchfoundthatalphaprojectmanagersspendabout2%oftheirtimeinitialing,21%planning,69%executing,5%monitoringandcontrolling,and3%closingprojects.Themosttimeshouldbespentonexecuting,followedbyplanning3.Whydoorganizationsneedtotailorprojectmanagementconcepts,suchasthosefoundinthePMBOK(RGuidetocreatetheirownmethodologies?Organizationshavedifferentwaysofdoingthings,sotheyoftendeveloptheirownmethodologies4.WhataresomeofthekeyoutputsofeachprocessgroupSeethetablesforeachprocessgroup.Examplesmightincludeacharter,aprojectmanagementplan,deliverables,performancereports,andclosedprocurements5.Whataresomeofthetypicalchallengesprojectteamsfaceduringeachofthefiveprocessgroups?Answerswillvary.Suggestionsmightincludesettingprioritiesduringinitiating,gettingstakeholderinputsduringplanning,meetingscheduledeadlinesduringexecution,collectingtimelydataduringmonitoringandcontrolling,anddefininggoodproceduresduringprojectclosingEXERCIESAnswerstoalloftheseexerciseswillvaryInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲ChAPTER4ProjectIntegrationmanagementDISCUSSIONQUESTIONS1.Describeprojectintegrationmanagementinyourownwords.Howdoesprojectintegrationmanagementrelatetotheprojectlifecycle,stakeholders,andtheotherprojectmanagementknowledgeareas?Projectintegrationmanagementmeanstyingtogetheralloftheotheraspectsinvolvedinaprojecttomakeitasuccess.Integrationmanagementrelatestotheprojectlifecycleinthatitisdoneinalloftheprojectlifecyclephases.Astheprojectprogresses,integrationmanagementbecomesmorefocused.Integrationmanagementrelatestostakeholdersbecauseitrequirestheprojectmanagertoknowalloftheprojectstakeholders,toknowtheirinterestsandconcernsabouttheproject,andtomanagerelationshipswiththemIntegrationmanagementpullstogetherinformationfromalloftheotherknowledgeareas2.Brieflydescribethestrategicplanningprocess,includingaSWOTanalysis.Whichprojectselectionmethod(s)doyouthinkorganizationsusemostoftenforjustifyinginformationtechnologyprojectsASWOTanalysisinvolvesidentifyingandevaluatinganorganizationsstrengths,weaknesses,opportunitiesandthreats.Aferidentifyingstrategicgoals,thenextstepintheplanningprocessforselectinginformaLiontechnologyprojectsistoperformabusinessareaanalysis.Thisanalysisoutlinesbusinessprocessesthatarecentraltoachievingstrategicgoalsandhelpsdeterminewhichonescouldmostbenefitfrominformationtechnology.Then,thenextstepistostartdefiningpotentialinformationtechnologyprojects,theirscorbenefits,andconstraints.Thelaststepintheplanningprocessforselectinginformationtechnologyprojectsischoosingwhichprojectstodoandassigningresourcesforworkingonthem.Answerswillvaryonthesecondpartofthequestion.Alloftheprojectsectionmethodsareused3.SummarizekeyworkinvolvedineachofthesixprocessesforprojectintegrationmanagementProjectintegrationmanagementincludesthefollowingprocessesDevelopingtheprojectcharterinvolvesworkingwithstakeholderstocreatethedocumentthatformallyauthorizesaproject.Projectcharterscanhavedifferentformats,buttheyshouldincludebasicprojectinformationandsignaturesofkeystakeholders.Developingtheprojectmanagementplaninvolvescoordinatingallplanningeffortstocreateaconsistentcoherentdocument--theprojectmanagementplan.ThemainpurposeofprojectplansistofacilitateactionDirectingandmanagingprojectexecutioninvolvescarryingouttheprojectplansbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedinitProjectplanexecutionshouldrequirethemajorityofaprojectsbudget.Monitoringandcontrollingprojectworkisneededtomeettheperformanceobjectivesoftheproject.TheprojectteamshouldcontinuouslymonitorprojectperformancetoassesstheoverallhealthoftheprojectPerformingintegratedchangecontrolinvolvescoordinatingchangesthataffecttheprojectsdeliverablesandorganizationalprocessassets.changecontrolsystemoftenincludesachangecontrolboard(CCB)configurationmanagement,andaprocessforcommunicatingchangesClosingtheprojectorphaseinvolvesfinalizingallprojectorphaseactivities.Itisimportanttofollowgoodprocedurestoensurethatallprojectactivitiesarecompletedandthattheprojectsponsoracceptsdeliveryofthefinalproducts,services,orresultsoftheproject.4.FitherfromyourownexperienceorbysearchingtheInternet,describeawell-plannedandexecutedproject.Describeadisastrousproject.Whatweresomeofthemaindifferencesbetweentheseprojects?Answerswillvary.Severalexamplesareprovidedinthetext,especiallyintheWhatWentrightandWrongsections5.Discusstheimportanceoffollowingawell-integratedchangecontrolprocessoninformationtechnologyprojects.Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionsmadeinthischapter?ThinkofthreeadditionalsuggestionsforintegratedchangecontroloninformationtechnologyprojectsInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲Answerswillvary.Oneanswermightbethatitisimportanttofollowagoodintegratedchangecontrolprocessoninformationtechnologyprojectstoavoidscopecreepincompatibilityproblems,andtomakeeffectiveuseofresourcesandnewtechnologies.Additionalsuggestionsformanagingintegratedchangeontrolmightincludelocatingkeyprojectstakeholders,assigninguserstoprojectteams,andprovidingteam-basedincentivesforeffectivelymanagingprojectchangesEXERCIES1.Writeaone-totwo-pagepaperbasedontheopeningcase.Answerthefollowingquestionsa.WhatdoyouthinktherealproblemwasinthiscasebDoesthecasepresentarealisticscenario?whyorwhynot?C.WasNickCarsonagoodprojectmanager?Whyorwhynot?d.whatcouldNickhavedonetobeabetterprojectmanager?e.Whatshouldtopmanagementhavedonetohelpnick?SOLUTION:AnswerswillvaryMakesurestudentsjustifytheirresponses.Forexample,theycouldsaythatnickwasagoodprojectmanagerbecausehegotthejobdone.Theycouldsayhewasnotagoodprojectmanagerbecausehewastootechnicalanddidnotgetalongwellwithseniormanagement.(NoteNickistheauthor,syoungerbrother,andeverythingexceptthelastlineofthecaseistotallytrue2.DownloadafreetrialofmindmappingsoftwareandcreateamindmapofaSWOTanalysisforyourorganizationoryourpersonallife.Includeatleasttwostrengths,weaknesses,opportunities,andthreatsandideasforatleastthreepotentialprojectsAnswerswillvary3.Usespreadsheetsoftwaretocreatefigures4-4through4-7inthistext.MakesureyourformulasworkcorrectlySeethefilesprovided4.PerformafinancialanalysisforaprojectusingtheformatprovidedinFigure4-5.Assumetheprojectedcostsandbenefitsforthisprojectarespreadoverfouryearsasfollows:Estimatedcostsare$200,000inyearIand$30,000eachyearinyears2,3,and4.EstimatedbenefitsareSOinyearIand$100,000eachyearinyears2,3,and4.Usea9percentdiscountrateandroundthediscountfactorstotwodecimalplaces.Createaspreadsheet(orusethebusinesscasefinancialstemplateprovidedonthecompanionWebsite)localculateandclearlydisplaythenpv,rol,andyearinwhichpaybackoccurs.Inaddition,writeaparagraphexplainingwhetheryouwouldrecommendinvestinginthisproject,basedonyourfinancialDiscountrat9.00%AssumetheprojectiscompletedinYearo023TotalCosts200,00030,00030.00030000Discountfactor1.000.920.840.77Discountedcosts200,00027,60025,20023,100275,900Benefits0100,000100,000100,000Discountfactor0.920.840.77Discountedbenefits092,00084,00077,000253,000Discountedbenefits-costs200.000644005880053900(22900)NPVCumulativebenefits-costs(20,00(135600)(76,800)(22,900)rolTheNPvandroiarebothnegative,andpaybackdoesnotoccur.Basedonthefinancials,thisprojectisnotagoodinvestment.5.CreateaweightedscoringmodeltodeterminegradesforacourseFinalgradesarebasedonthreeexamsworth20%0,15%,and25%o,respectively,homeworkisworth15%;andagroupprojectisworth25%Enterscoresforthreestudents.AssumeStudent1earns100%(or100)oneveryitem.AssumeStudent2earns70%ooneachoftheexams,80oonthehomework,and95%onthegroupproject.AssumeStudent3earns90%onExam1,80%onExam2,75%onExam3,80%onthehomework,and70%oonthegroupInformationTechnologyProjectManagement,SixthEdition学霸助手[xuebazhushou.com-课后答案期末试卷|复习提纲

由于上传限制，分割成3个压缩包了。
(转载)常常看到坛子里的朋友们专研和讨论SAP某一个功能的配置和用法，精神可嘉。
某项具体功能地实现，的确是顾问的基本功，但如果要从SAP业务顾问提升到另一个层次，无论是方案架构师、项目经理，还是管理咨询、业务流程专家（BPX,BusinessProcessExpert），都需要对企业架构、组织功能和业务流程等内容有一个全面而系统地认识和理解。
高度决定视野。
仔细想来，企业之间的竞争，不仅是客户、供应商、资金等外部资源的竞争，企业内部的业务流程竞争才是成败的关键。
每一个成功的企业背后，一定有一套优于竞争对手的业务流程，丰田之道就是一个很好的案例。
因此，个人以为，在实施SAP系统时，应该花更多的精力专注于端到端(End-to-End)业务流程地设计和优化上，尽可地消除业务流程中非增值的活动，而不是简单地用配置和二次开发来满足用户体验或无关大局的功能。
增值与不增值最简单的判断依据就是看客户是否愿意为这一生产活动付钱。
当然这并不是唯一标准，例如QA本身并不产生增值，理论上可以省去，但在实践中还是必不可少的，因为流程的主体——人，毕竟不是精密的机器。
最基本的端到端的业务流程包括：定单到收款(Order-to-Cash)采购到付款(Purchase-to-Pay)计划到制造(Planning-to-Manufacturing)会计到报告(Accounting-to-Reporting)招聘到退休(Recruiting-to-Retiring)也许将来按模块划分的SD、MM、PP、FI/CO顾问将会消失，取而代之的是业务流程专家。
最近，SAP公司在SDN上推出了BPX社区，体现了SAP对业务流程的重视。
SAPSolutionComposer就是一个很好的工具，通过预定义400多个最新的行业、跨行业以及基础构造和服务导图，协助SAP顾问和客户对业务流程有一个共同的认识和描述；
快速定位客户的关键业务需求并与SAP商业套件中的解决方案相对应，清楚地界定项目范围；
即便是对于SAP的初学者或企业管理人员，也可以通过SAPSolutionComposer学习到跨国企业运作中的主要业务流程和了解SAP系统的概览。
（最新版的SAPSolutionComposer12M左右）

在日常工作中，钉钉打卡成了我生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，有时候这个看似简单的任务却给我带来了不少烦恼。 每天早晚，我总是得牢记打开钉钉应用，点击"工作台"，再找到"考勤打卡"进行签到。有时候因为工作忙碌，会忘记打卡，导致考勤异常，影响当月的工作评价。而且，由于我使用的是苹果手机，有时候系统更新后，钉钉的某些功能会出现异常，使得打卡变得更加麻烦。 另外，我的家人使用的是安卓手机，他们也经常抱怨钉钉打卡的繁琐。尤其是对于那些不太熟悉手机操作的长辈来说，每次打卡都是一次挑战。他们总是担心自己会操作失误，导致打卡失败。 为了解决这些烦恼，我开始思考是否可以通过编写一个全自动化脚本来实现钉钉打卡。经过一段时间的摸索和学习，我终于成功编写出了一个适用于苹果和安卓系统的钉钉打卡脚本。