视点变换，旋转，加速减速，星空背景太阳，光晕各行星纹理#include#include#include#include#include#include#include#pragmacomment(lib,"winmm.lib")#pragmacomment(lib,"wininet")//纹理图像结构typedefstruct{intimgWidth;//纹理宽度intimgHeight;//纹理高度unsignedcharbyteCount;//每个象素对应的字节数，3：24位图，4：带alpha通道的24位图unsignedchar*data;//纹理数据}TEXTUREIMAGE;//BMP文件头#pragmapack(2)typedefstruct{unsignedshortbfType;//文件类型unsignedlongbfSize;//文件大小unsignedshortbfReserved1;//保留位unsignedshortbfReserved2;//保留位unsignedlongbfOffBits;//数据偏移位置}BMPFILEHEADER;#pragmapack()//BMP信息头typedefstruct{unsignedlongbiSize;//此结构大小longbiWidth;//图像宽度longbiHeight;//图像高度unsignedshortbiPlanes;//调色板数量unsignedshortbiBitCount;//每个象素对应的位数，24：24位图，32：带alpha通道的24位图unsignedlongbiCompression;//压缩unsignedlongbiSizeImage;//图像大小longbiXPelsPerMeter;//横向分辨率longbiYPelsPerMeter;//纵向分辨率unsignedlongbiClrUsed;//颜色使用数unsignedlongbiClrImportant;//重要颜色数}BMPINFOHEADER;//定义窗口的标题、宽度、高度、全屏布尔变量#defineWIN_TITLE"模拟太阳系各星球的转动"constintWIN_WIDTH=800;constintWIN_HEIGHT=600;BOOLisFullScreen=FALSE;//初始不为全屏#defineDEG_TO_RAD0.017453floatangle=0.0;staticGLdoubleviewer[]={0,0,0,0,0};//初始化视角GLUquadricObj*quadric;//建立二次曲面对象GLfloatangle_Z;//星空旋转角度boolg_bOrbitOn=true;//控制转动暂停floatg_fSpeedmodifier=1.0f;//时间控制floatg_fElpasedTime;doubleg_dCurrentTime;doubleg_dLastTime;GLfloatLightAmbient[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f};//环境光参数GLfloatLightDiffuse[]={1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f};//漫射光参数GLfloatLightPosition[]={0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f};//光源的位置//纹理图象TEXTUREIMAGEskyImg;TEXTUREIMAGEsunImg;TEXTUREIMAGErayImg;TEXTUREIMAGEmercuImg;TEXTUREIMAGEvenusImg;TEXTUREIMAGEearthImg;TEXTUREIMAGEmarsImg;TEXTUREIMAGEjupiterImg;TEXTUREIMAGEsaturnImg;TEXTUREIMAGEuranusImg;TEXTUREIMAGEneptuneImg;TEXTUREIMAGEmoonImg;GLuinttexture[12];//纹理数组//星球速度定义staticfloatfSunSpin=0.0f;//太阳自转速度staticfloatfMercuSpin=0.0f;//水星自转速度staticfloatfMercuOrbit=0.0f;//水星公转速度staticfloatfVenusSpin=0.0f;//金星自转速度staticfloatfVenusOrbit=0.0f;//金星公转速度staticfloatfEarthSpin=0.0f;//地球自转速度staticfloatfEarthOrbit=0.0f;//地球公转速度staticfloatfMarsSpin=0.0f;//火星自转速度staticfloatfMarsOrbit=0.0f;//火星公转速度staticfloatfJupiterSpin=0.0f;//木星自转速度staticfloatfJupiterOrbit=0.0f;//木星公转速度staticfloatfSaturnSpin=0.0f;//土星自转速度staticfloatfSaturnOrbit=0.0f;//土星公转速度staticfloatfUranusSpin=0.0f;//天王星自转速度staticfloatfUranusOrbit=0.0f;//天王星公转速度staticfloatfNeptuneSpin=0.0f;//海王星自转速度staticfloatfNeptuneOrbit=0.0f;//海王星公转速度staticfloatfMoonSpin=0.0f;//月亮自转速度staticfloatfMoonOrbit=0.0f;//月亮公转速度voidMakeTexture(TEXTUREIMAGEtextureImg,GLuint*texName)//转换为纹理{glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);//对齐像素字节函数glGenTextures(1,texName);//第一个参数指定表明获取多少个连续的纹理标识符glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,*texName);glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT);glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT);glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,GL_RGB,textureImg.imgWidth,textureImg.imgHeight,0,GL_RGB,GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,textureImg.data);}//初始化OpenGLvoidInitGL(void){glClearColor(0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,0.5f);//设置黑色背景glClearDepth(2.0f);//设置深度缓存glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//启动深度测试glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);//深度小或相等的时候渲染glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH);//启动阴影平滑glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);//开启剔除操作效果glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);//使用质量最好的模式指定颜色和纹理坐标的插值质量glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_AMBIENT,LightAmbient);//设置环境光glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_DIFFUSE,LightDiffuse);//设置漫反射光glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//打开光照glEnable(GL_LIGHT1);//打开光源1//载入纹理glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//开启2D纹理映射MakeTexture(skyImg,&texture;[0]);MakeTexture(sunImg,&texture;[1]);MakeTexture(rayImg,&texture;[2]);MakeTexture(mercuImg,&texture;[3]);MakeTexture(venusImg,&texture;[4]);MakeTexture(earthImg,&texture;[5]);MakeTexture(marsImg,&texture;[6]);MakeTexture(jupiterImg,&texture;[7]);MakeTexture(saturnImg,&texture;[8]);MakeTexture(uranusImg,&texture;[9]);MakeTexture(neptuneImg,&texture;[10]);MakeTexture(moonImg,&texture;[11]);quadric=gluNewQuadric();//建立一个曲面对象指针gluQuadricTexture(quadric,GLU_TRUE);//建立纹理坐标gluQuadricDrawStyle(quadric,GLU_FILL);//面填充}voidDisplay(void){glLoadIdentity();//设置观察点的位置和观察的方向gluLookAt(viewer[0],viewer[1],viewer[2],viewer[3],viewer[4],-5,0,1,0);//摄像机x,摄像机y,摄像机z,目标点x,目标点y,目标点z,摄像机顶朝向x,摄像机顶朝向y,摄像机顶朝向z//获得系统时间使太阳系有动态效果g_dCurrentTime=timeGetTime();g_fElpasedTime=(float)((g_dCurrentTime-g_dLastTime)*0.0005);g_dLastTime=g_dCurrentTime;glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);//指定GL_MODELVIEW是下一个矩阵操作的目标glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-5.0f);//将坐标系移入屏幕5.0fglRotatef(10,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//将坐标系绕x轴旋转10度glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);//打开光源0/**********************************绘制背景星空********************************************/glPushMatrix();//当前模型矩阵入栈glTranslatef(-10.0f,3.0f,0.0f);glRotatef(angle_Z,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[0]);//星空纹理glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glEnd();glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,-1.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glEnd();glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glEnd();glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(0.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glEnd();glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glEnd();glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(-1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,-50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(6.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,-50.0f,50.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,6.0f);glVertex3f(50.0f,50.0f,-50.0f);glEnd();glPopMatrix();//当前模型矩阵出栈/**********************************绘制太阳************************************************/glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[2]);//光晕纹理glEnable(GL_BLEND);//开启混合glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);//关闭深度测试//绘制太阳光晕glDisable(GL_LIGHTING);//关闭光照glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE);//半透明混合函数glColor4f(1.0f,0.5f,0.0f,0.5f);//设置RGBA值glBegin(GL_QUADS);glNormal3f(0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(-1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f,0.0f);glVertex3f(1.0f,-1.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(1.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glTexCoord2f(0.0f,1.0f);glVertex3f(-1.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glEnd();glDisable(GL_BLEND);//关闭混合glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);//开启光照glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1,GL_POSITION,LightPosition);//设置光源1位置glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[1]);//太阳纹理//将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fSunSpin角度,控制太阳自转glRotatef(fSunSpin,0.0,1.0,0.0);gluSphere(quadric,0.3f,32,32);//绘制太阳球体/**********************************绘制水星************************************************/glDisable(GL_LIGHT0);glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);//开启纹理glPushMatrix();//当前模型视图矩阵入栈//将坐标系绕Y轴旋转fMercuOrbit角度,控制水星公转glRotatef(fMercuOrbit,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f);glRotatef(-90.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);//将坐标系绕X轴旋转-90度glTranslatef(0.5f,0.0f,0.0f);//将坐标系右移0.5fglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D,texture[3]);//水星纹理//将坐标系绕Z轴旋转fMercuSpin角度控制水星自转glRotatef(fMercuSpin,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);gluSphere(quadric,0.04f,32,32);//水星球体glPopMatrix();//当前模型视图矩阵出栈//绘制轨道glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP);for(angle=0;angle=-6.0)viewer[0]-=0.5;break;case'u':case'U':if(viewer[1]=-6.0)viewer[1]-=0.1;break;case'+':case'='://加速,减速,暂停g_fSpeedmodifier+=1.0f;glutPostRedisplay();break;case'':g_bOrbitOn=!g_bOrbitOn;glutPostRedisplay();break;case'-'://按'-'减小运行速度g_fSpeedmodifier-=1.0f;glutPostRedisplay();break;caseVK_ESCAPE://按ESC键时退出exit(0);break;default:break;}}voidspecial_keys(ints_keys,intx,inty){switch(s_keys){caseGLUT_KEY_F1://按F1键时切换窗口/全屏模式if(isFullScreen){glutReshapeWindow(WIN_WIDTH,WIN_HEIGHT);glutPositionWindow(30,30);isFullScreen=FALSE;}else{glutFullScreen();isFullScreen=TRUE;}break;caseGLUT_KEY_RIGHT://视角上下左右旋转if(viewer[3]=-3.0)viewer[3]-=0.1;break;caseGLUT_KEY_UP:if(viewer[4]=-4.5)viewer[4]-=0.1;break;default:break;}}voidmouse(intbtn,intstate,intx,inty)//远近视角{if(btn==GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN)viewer[2]+=0.3;if(btn==GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON&&state==GLUT_DOWN&&viewer;[2]＞=-3.9)viewer[2]-=0.3;}voidLoadBmp(char*filename,TEXTUREIMAGE*textureImg)//载入图片{inti,j;FILE*file;BMPFILEHEADERbmpFile;BMPINFOHEADERbmpInfo;intpixel_size;//初始化纹理数据textureImg-＞imgWidth=0;textureImg-＞imgHeight=0;if(textureImg-＞data!=NULL){delete[]textureImg-＞data;}//打开文件file=fopen(filename,"rb");if(file==NULL){return;}//获取文件头rewind(file);fread(&bmpFile;,sizeof(BMPFILEHEADER),1,file);fread(&bmpInfo;,sizeof(BMPINFOHEADER),1,file);//验证文件类型if(bmpFile.bfType!=0x4D42){return;}//获取图像色彩数pixel_size=bmpInfo.biBitCount＞＞3;//读取文件数据textureImg-＞data=newunsignedchar[bmpInfo.biWidth*bmpInfo.biHeight*pixel_size];for(i=0;idata+(i*bmpInfo.biWidth+j)*pixel_size+2,sizeof(unsignedchar),1,file);//绿色分量fread(textureImg-＞data+(i*bmpInfo.biWidth+j)*pixel_size+1,sizeof(unsignedchar),1,file);//蓝色分量fread(textureImg-＞data+(i*bmpInfo.biWidth+j)*pixel_size+0,sizeof(unsignedchar),1,file);//Alpha分量if(pixel_size==4){fread(textureImg-＞data+(i*bmpInfo.biWidth+j)*pixel_size+3,sizeof(unsignedchar),1,file);}}}//记录图像相关参数textureImg-＞imgWidth=bmpInfo.biWidth;textureImg-＞imgHeight=bmpInfo.biHeight;textureImg-＞byteCount=pixel_size;fclose(file);}//程序主函数voidmain(intargc,char**argv){//读图片LoadBmp("Picture//Sky.bmp",&skyImg;);LoadBmp("Picture//Sun.bmp",&sunImg;);LoadBmp("Picture//Ray.bmp",&rayImg;);LoadBmp("Picture//Mercu.bmp",&mercuImg;);LoadBmp("Picture//Venus.bmp",&venusImg;);//金星LoadBmp("Picture//Earth.bmp",&earthImg;);LoadBmp("Picture//Mars.bmp",&marsImg;);//火星LoadBmp("Picture//Jupiter.bmp",&jupiterImg;);//木星LoadBmp("Picture//Saturn.bmp",&saturnImg;);//土星LoadBmp("Picture//Uranus.bmp",&uranusImg;);//天王星LoadBmp("Picture//Neptune.bmp",&neptuneImg;);//海王星LoadBmp("Picture//Moon.bmp",&moonImg;);glutInit(&argc;,argv);//初始化GLUT库glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA|GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_DEPTH);//初始化显示模式glutInitWindowSize(WIN_WIDTH,WIN_HEIGHT);//初始化窗口大小glutInitWindowPosition(20,20);//初始化窗口位置GLuintwindow=glutCreateWindow(WIN_TITLE);//建立窗口InitGL();//初始化OpenGLglutDisplayFunc(Display);glutReshapeFunc(Reshape);glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard);glutSpecialFunc(special_keys);glutMouseFunc(mouse);glutIdleFunc(Display);//设置窗口空闲时的处理函数glutMainLoop();//进入事件处理循环}

该文件中包含了Adaptiveas-natural-as-possibleimagestitching论文以及As-Projective-As-PossibleImageStitchingwithMovingDLT这两种较为经典的图像拼接方法。
具体包含了ransac算法、multi-GSsampling算法、求取单应性矩阵Homography的奇异矩阵算法、相似矩阵变换的求取、图像翘曲、局部单应性矩阵权重占比、图像融合等算法。
具体过程为：1.利用sift算法提取特征点2.利用ransacmulti-gs算法求取单应性矩阵H3.利用movingDLT求取referenceimage的翘曲4.利用提到的线性单应性矩阵H_linear求取网格化后的局部单应性矩阵5.图像融合及拼接

Wenumericallystudythepropagationof1-pslaserpulseinthreetaperedholeyfibers(THFs).Thecurvatureindicesoftheconcave,linear,andconvextapersare2.0,1.0,and0.5,respectively.Thecentralwavelength,locatedinthenormaldispersionregime,is800nm.ThenonlinearcoefficientoftheTHFsincreasesfromtheinitial0.095m

插值曲面拟合，用于逆向重建技术，对于一维曲线的插值，一般用到的函数yi=interp1(X,Y,xi,method)。
当中method包含nearst，linear，spline。
cubic。
对于二维曲面的插值，一般用到的函数zi=interp2(X,Y,Z,xi,yi,method)。
当中method也和上面一样，经常使用的是cubic。
拟合：对于一维曲线的拟合，一般用到的函数p=polyfit(x,y,n)和yi=polyval(p,xi)。
这个是最经常使用的最小二乘法的拟合方法。
对于二维曲面的拟合，有非常多方法能够实现。
可是这里用的是SplineToolbox里面的函数功能

Thereismuchmoreinformationinastochasticnon-Gaussianordeterministicsignalthanisconveyedbyitsautocorrelationandpowerspectrum.Higher-orderspectrawhicharedefinedintermsofthehigher-ordermomentsorcumulantsofasignal,containthisadditionalinformation.TheHigher-OrderSpectralAnalysis(HOSA)Toolboxprovidescomprehensivehigher-orderspectralanalysiscapabilitiesforsignalprocessingapplications.Thetoolboxisanexcellentresourcefortheadvancedresearcherandthepracticingengineer,aswellasthenovicestudentwhowantstolearnaboutconceptsandalgorithmsinstatisticalsignalprocessing.TheHOSAToolboxisacollectionofM-filesthatimplementavarietyofadvancedsignalprocessingalgorithmsfortheestimationofcross-andauto-cumulants(includingcorrelations),spectraandolyspectra,bispectrum,andbicoherence,andomputationoftime-frequencydistributions.Basedonthese,algorithmsforparametricandnon-parametricblindsystemidentification,time-delayestimation,harmonicretrieval,phase-coupling,directionofarrivalestimation,parameterestimationofVolterra(non-linear)models,andadaptivelinearpredictionareimplemented.AlsoincludedarealgorithmsfortestingofGaussianityandLinearityofatimeseries.Afulltutorialanddemosetareincludedinthetoolbox.

美国各大高校的教材的参考资料，仅供参考，为了帮助更多的人。

1、Python实现社交网络影响力最大化Linear_Threshold（线性阈值模型）算法。
2、对线性阈值模型算法进行优化改进，实现贪心算法。
3、代码中有详细注释说明，测试代码，测试节点数据集，并对数据集进行处理，输出测试结果。
4、代码实现环境：Python2.7,Anoconda2,Pycharm2017。

DifferentialEquationsandLinearAlgebra(4th)英文无水印原版pdf第4版pdf所有页面使用FoxitReader、PDF-XChangeViewer、SumatraPDF和Firefox测试都可以打开本资源转载自网络，如有侵权，请联系上传者或csdn删除查看此书详细信息请在美国亚马逊官网搜索此书EditorialDirector,Mathematics:ChristinehoagEditor-in-Chief:DeirdreLynchAcquisitionsEditor:WilliamHoffmaProjectTeamLead:ChristinaleProjectmanager:LaurenMorseEditorialAssistant:JenniferSnyderProgramTeamLead:KarenwernholmProgramManagerDaniellesimbajonCoverandillustrationDesign:StudioMontageProgramDesignLead:BethPaquinProductMarketingManagerClaireKozarProductMarketingCoordiator:BrookesmithFieldMarketingManager:EvanStCyrSeniorAuthorSupport/TechnologySpecialist:JoevetereSeniorProcurementSpecialist:CarolMelvilleInteriorDesign,ProductionManagement,AnswerArt,andCompositioneNergizerAptara,LtdCoverImage:LighttrailsonmodernbuildingbackgroundinShanghai,China-hxdyl/123RFCopyrightO2017,2011,2005PearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliates.AllRightsReserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thispublicationisprotectedbycopyright,andpermissionshouldbeobtainedfromthepublisherpriortoanyprohibitedreproduction,storageinaretrievalsystem,ortransmissioninanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopyingrecording,orotherwise.Forinformationregardingpermissions,requestformsandtheappropriatecontactswithinthePearsonEducationGlobalRights&Permissionsdepartmentpleasevisitwww.pearsoned.com/permissions/PEARSONandALWAYSLEARNINGareexclusivetrademarksintheU.s.and/orothercountriesownedbyPearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliatesUnlessotherwiseindicatedherein,anythird-partytrademarksthatmayappearinthisworkarethepropertyoftheirrespectiveowandanyreferencestothird-partytrademarks,logosorothertradedressarefordemonstrativeordescriptivepurposesonly.SuchofsuchmarksoranyrelationshipbetweentheownerandPearsonEducation,Inc.oritsaffiliates,authors,licenseesordistributortreferencesarenotintendedtoimplyanysponsorship,endorsement,authorization,orpromotionofPearsonsproductsbytheownersLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataGoode.StephenwDifferentialequationsandlinearalgebra/StephenW.GoodeandScottA.AnninCaliforniastateUniversity,Fullerton.-4theditionpagescmIncludesindexISBN978-0-321-96467-0—ISBN0-32196467-51.Differentialequations.2.Algebras,Linear.I.Annin,Scott.II.TitleQA371.G6442015515’.35-dc23201400601512345678910V031-1918171615PEARSONISBN10:0-321-96467-5www.pearsonhighered.comISBN13:978-0-321-96467-0ContentsPrefacevii1First-OrderDifferentialEquations1.1DifferentialEquationsEverywhere11.2BasicIdeasandTerminology131.3TheGeometryofFirst-OrderDifferentialEquations231.4SeparableDifferentialEquations341.5SomeSimplePopulationModels451.6First-OrderLinearDifferentialEquations531.7ModelingProblemsUsingFirst-OrderLinearDifferentialEquations61.8Changeofvariables711.9ExactDifferentialEquations821.10Numericalsolutiontofirst-OrderDifferentialEquations931.11SomeHigher-OrderDifferentialEquations1011.12ChapterReview1062MatricesandSystemsofLinearEquations1142.1Matrices:Definitionsandnotation1152.2MatrixAlgebra1222.3TerminologyforSystemsofLinearEquations13824R。
w-EchelonMatricesandElementaryR。
wOperations1462.5Gaussianelimination1562.6TheInverseofasquarematrix1682.7ElementaryMatricesandtheLUFactorization1792.8TheInvertiblematrixtheoremi1882.9ChapterReview1903Determinants1963.1TheDefinitionofthedeterminant1963.2PropertiesofDeterminants2093.3CofactorExpansions2223.4SummaryofDeterminants2353.5ChapterReview242iyContents4VectorSpaces2464.1Vectorsinrn2484.2DefinitionofaVectorSpace2524.3Subspaces2634.4SpanningSets2744.5LinearDependenceandLinearIndependence2844.6Basesanddimension2984.7Changeofbasis3114.8RowSpaceandColumnSpace3194.9TheRank-NullityTheorem3254.10InvertibleMatrixTheoremll3314.11ChapterReview3325InnerProductSpaces3395.1DefinitionofanInnerproductspace3405.2OrthogonalSetsofvectorsandorthogonalProjections3525.3Thegram-Schmidtprocess3625.4LeastSquaresApproximation3665.5ChapterReview3766LinearTransformations3796.1Definitionofalineartransformation3806.2Transformationsofr23916.3TheKernelandrangeofalineartransformation3976.4AdditionalPropertiesofLinearTransformations4076.5Thematrixofalineartransformation4196.6Chaiterreview4287EigenvaluesandEigenvectors4337.1TheEigenvalue/EigenvectorProblem4347.2GeneralResultsforEigenvaluesandEigenvectors4467.3Diagonalization4547.4AnIntroductiontotheMatrixExponentialFunction4627.5OrthogonalDiagonalizationandQuadraticforms4667.6Jordancanonicalforms4757.7Chapterreview4888LinearDifferentialEquationsofOrdern4938.1GeneralTheoryforLinearDifferentialEquations4958.2ConstantCoefficientHomogeneousLinearDifferentialEquations5058.3ThemethodofundeterminedcoefficientsAnnihilators5158.4Complex-ValuedTrialSolutions5268.5OscillationsofaMechanicalSystem529Contentsv8.6RLCCircuits5428.7TheVariationofparametersmethod5478.8ADifferentialEquationwithNonconstantCoefficients5578.9Reductionoforder5688.10ChapterReview5739SystemsofDifferentialEquations5809.1First-OrderLinearSystems5829.2VectorFormulation5889.3GeneralResultsforfirst-OrderLinearDifferentialystems5939.4VectorDifferentialEquations:NondefectiveCoefficientMatrix5999.5VectorDifferentialEquations:DefectiveCoefficientMatrix6089.6Variation-of-ParametersforLinearSystems6209.7SomeApplicationsofLinearSystemsofDifferentialEquations6259.8MatrixExponentialFunctionandSystemsofDifferentialEquations6359.9ThePhasePlaneforLinearAutonomousSystems6439.10NonlinearSystems6559.11ChapterReview66310TheLaplaceTransformandSomeElementaryApplications67010.1DefinitionoftheLaplaceTransform67010.2TheExistenceofthelaplacetransformandtheInversetransform67610.3PeriodicFunctionsandtheLaplacetransform68210.4ThetransformofderivativesandsolutionofInitial-Valueproblems68510.5TheFirstShiftingTheorem69010.6TheUnitStepFunction69510.7TheSecondShiftingTheorem69910.8ImpulsiveDrivingTerms:TheDiracDeltaFunction70610.9TheConvolutionIntegral71110.10ChapterReview71711SeriesSolutionstoLinearDifferentiaEquations72211.1AReviewofpowerseries72311.2SeriesSolutionsaboutanOrdinaryPoint73111.3TheLegendreEquation74111.4SeriesSolutionsaboutaRegularSingularPoint75011.5Frobeniustheory75911.6Bessel'sEquationofOrderp77311.7Chapterreview785ViContentsAReviewofComplexNumbers791BReviewofPartialFractions797CReviewofIntegrationTechniques804DLinearlyIndependentSolutionstox2y+xp(x)y+g(x)y=0811Answerstoodd-NumberedExercises814Index849S.W.GoodededicatesthisbooktomeganandtobiS.A.annindedicatesthisbooktoarthurandJuliannthebestparentsanyonecouldaskforPretraceLikethefirstthreeeditionsofDifferentialEquationsandLinearalgebra,thisfourtheditionisintendedforasophomorelevelcoursethatcoversmaterialinbothdifferentialequationsandlinearalgebra.Inwritingthistextwehaveendeavoredtodevelopthestudentsappreciationforthepowerofthegeneralvectorspaceframeworkinformulatingandsolvinglinearproblems.Thematerialisaccessibletoscienceandengineeringstu-dentswhohavecompletedthreesemestersofcalculusandwhobringthematurityofthatsuccesswiththemtothiscourseThistextiswrittenaswewouldnaturallyteachblendinganabundanceofexamplesandillustrations,butnotattheexpenseofadeliberateandrigoroustreatment.MostresultsareprovenindetailHowever,manyofthesecanbeskippedinfavorofamoreproblem-solvingorientedapproachdependingonthereader'sobjectives.Somereadersmayliketoincorporatesomeformoftechnology(computeralgebrasystem(CAS)orgraphingcalculator)andthereareseveralinstancesinthetextwherethepoweroftechnologyisillustratedusingtheCasMaple.Furthermore,manyexercisesetshaveproblemsthatrequiresomeformoftechnologyfortheirsolutionTheseproblemsaredesignatedwithaoIndevelopingthefourtheditionwehaveoncemorekeptmaximumflexibilityofthematerialinmind.Insodoing,thetextcaneffectivelyaccommodatethedifferentemphasesthatcanbeplacedinacombineddifferentialequationsandlinearalgebracourse,thevaryingbackgroundsofstudentswhoenrollinthistypeofcourse,andthefactthatdifferentinstitutionshavedifferentcreditvaluesforsuchacourse.Thewholetextcanbecoveredinafivecredit-hourcourse.Forcourseswithalowercredit-hourvalue,someselectivitywillhavetobeexercised.Forexample,much(orall)ofChapterImaybeomittedsincemoststudentswillhaveseenmanyofthesedifferentialequationstopicsinanearliercalculuscourse,andtheremainderofthetextdoesnotdependonthetechniquesintroducedinthischapter.Alternatively,whileoneofthemajorgoalsofthetextistointerweavethematerialondifferentialequationswiththetoolsfromlinearalgebrainasymbioticrelationshipasmuchaspossible,thecorematerialonlinearalgebraisgiveninChapters2-7sothatitispossibletousethisbookforacoursethatfocusessolelyonthelinearalgebrapresentedinthesesixchapters.ThematerialondifferentialequationsiscontainedprimarilyinChapters1and8-1l,andreaderswhohavealreadytakenafirstcourseinlinearalgebracanchoosetoproceeddirectlytothesechaptersThereareothermeansofeliminatingsectionstoreducetheamountofmaterialtobecoveredinacourse.Section2.7containsmaterialthatisnotrequiredelsewhereinthetext,Chapter3canbecondensedtoasinglesection(Section3.4)forreadersneedingonlyacursoryoverviewofdeterminants,andSections4.7,5.4,andthelatersectionsofChapters6and7couldallbereservedforasecondcourseinlinearalgebra.InChapter8Sections8.4,8.8,and8.9canbeomitted,and,dependingonthegoalsofthecourse,Sections8.5and8.6couldeitherbede-emphasizedoromittedcompletelySimilarremarksapplytoSections9.7-9.10.AtCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullertonwehaveafourcredit-hourcourseforsophomoresthatisbasedaroundthematerialinChapters1-9viiiPrefaceMajorChangesintheFourthEditionSeveralsectionsofthetexthavebeenmodifiedtoimprovetheclarityofthepresentationandtoprovidenewexamplesthatreflectinsightfulillustrationswehaveusedinourowncoursesatCaliforniaStateUniversity,Fullerton.OthersignificantchangeswithinthetextarelistedbeleOW1.ThechapteronvectorspacesinthepreviouseditionhasbeensplitintotwochaptersChapters4and5)inthepresentedition,inordertofocusseparateattentiononvectorspacesandinnerproductspaces.Theshorterlengthofthesetwochaptersisalsointendedtomakeeachofthemlessdaunting2.Thechapteroninnerproductspaces(Chapter5)includesanewsectionprovidinganapplicationoflinearalgebratothesubjectofleastsquaresapproximation3.Thechapteronlineartransformationsinthepreviouseditionhasbeensplitintotwochapters(Chapters6and7)inthepresentedition.Chapter6isfocusedonlineartransformations,whileChapter7placesdirectemphasisonthetheoryofeigenvaluesandeigenvectors.Oncemore,readersshouldfindtheshorterchapterscoveringthesetopicsmoreapproachableandfocused4.Mostexercisesetshavebeenenlargedorrearranged.Over3,000problemsarenowcontainedwithinthetext,andmorethan600concept-orientedtrue/falseitemsarealsoincludedinthetext5.Everychapterofthebookincludesoneormoreoptionalprojectsthatallowformorein-depthstudyandapplicationofthetopicsfoundinthetext6.ThebackofthebooknowincludestheanswertoeveryTrue-FalsereviewitemcontainedinthetextAcknowledgmentsWewouldliketoacknowledgethethoughtfulinputfromthefollowingreviewersofthefourthedition:JameyBassofCityCollegeofSanFrancisco,TamarFriedmannofUniversityofrochester,andlinghaiZhangofLehighUniversityAlloftheircommentswereconsideredcarefullyinthepreparationofthetextS.A.Annin:Ioncemorethankmyparents,ArthurandJuliannAnnin,fortheirloveandencouragementinallofmyprofessionalendeavors.Ialsogratefullyacknowledgethemanystudentswhohavetakenthiscoursewithmeovertheyearsand,insodoinghaveenhancedmyloveforthesetopicsanddeeplyenrichedmycareerasaprofessorFirst-OrderDifferentiaEquations1.1DifferentialEquationsEverywhereadifferentialequationisanyequationthatinvolvesoneormorederivativesofanunknownfunction.Forexample(1.1.1dxds(S-1)(1.1.2)aredifferentialequations.Inthedifferentialequation(1.1.1)theunknownfunctionordependentvariableisy,andxistheindependentvariable;inthedifferentialequation(1.1.2)thedependentandindependentvariablesareSandt,respectively.Differentialequationssuchas(1.1.1)and(1.1.)inwhichtheunknownfunctiondependsonlyonasingleindependentvariablearecalledordinarydifferentialequations.Bycontrast,thedifferentialequationLaplace'sequation)0involvespartialderivativesoftheunknownfunctionu(x,y)oftwoindependentvariablesxandy.SuchdifferentialequationsarecalledpartialdifferentialequationsOnewayinwhichdifferentialequationscanbecharacterizedisbytheorderofthehighestderivativethatoccursinthedifferentialequationThisnumberiscalledtheorderofthedifferentialequation.Thus,(l1.1)hasordertwo,whereas(1.1.2)isafirst-orderdifferentialequation1

Linear+Algebra+and+Its+Applications.pdf原版书。

相控阵天线讲的深入浅出，很有参考价值1Radiation11.1TheEarlyHistoryofElectricityandMagnetism11.2JamesClerkMaxwell,TheUnionofElectricityandMagnetism81.3RadiationbyAcceleratedCharge101.4ReactiveandRadiatingElectromagneticFields18References182Antennas192.1TheEarlyHistoryofAntennas192.1.1ResonantElectricCircuit202.1.2HeinrichHertz:TheFirstAntennaandRadioSystem232.1.3GuglielmoMarconi,theDawnofWirelessCommunication28viCONTENTS2.1.4AftertheFirstTransatlanticTransmission352.1.5Directivity402.2AntennaDevelopmentsDuringtheFirstWorldWar442.3AntennaDevelopmentsinBetweentheWars472.3.1Broadcasting472.3.2Microwaves482.4AntennaDevelopmentsDuringtheSecondWorldWar502.4.1Radar502.4.2OtherAntennaDevelopments602.5Post-WarAntennaDevelopments722.5.1FrequencyIndependentAntennas732.5.2HelicalAntenna742.5.3MicrostripPatchAntenna752.5.4PhasedArrayAntenna76References803AntennaParameters833.1RadiationPattern833.1.1FieldRegions843.1.2Three-DimensionalRadiationPattern873.1.3PlanarCuts913.1.4PowerPatternsandLogarithmicScale963.1.5DirectivityandGain983.1.6Reciprocity1013.1.7AntennaBeamwidth1023.2AntennaImpedanceandBandwidth1033.3Polarisation1073.3.1EllipticalPolarisation1073.3.2CircularPolarisation1093.3.3LinearPolarisation1103.3.4AxialRatio1103.4AntennaEffectiveAreaandVectorEffectiveLength1123.4.1EffectiveArea1123.4.2VectorEffectiveLength1143.5RadioEquation1153.6RadarEquation1173.6.1RadarCross-Section118References120CONTENTSvii4TheLinearBroadsideArrayAntenna1234.1ALinearArrayofNon-IsotropicPoint-SourceRadiators1234.2PlaneWaves1244.3ReceivedSignal1264.4ArrayFactor1314.5SideLobesandGratingLobes1314.5.1FirstSide-LobeLevel1314.5.2GratingLobes1324.6AmplitudeTaper133References1355Designofa4-Element,Linear,Broadside,Microstrip

在日常工作中，钉钉打卡成了我生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，有时候这个看似简单的任务却给我带来了不少烦恼。 每天早晚，我总是得牢记打开钉钉应用，点击"工作台"，再找到"考勤打卡"进行签到。有时候因为工作忙碌，会忘记打卡，导致考勤异常，影响当月的工作评价。而且，由于我使用的是苹果手机，有时候系统更新后，钉钉的某些功能会出现异常，使得打卡变得更加麻烦。 另外，我的家人使用的是安卓手机，他们也经常抱怨钉钉打卡的繁琐。尤其是对于那些不太熟悉手机操作的长辈来说，每次打卡都是一次挑战。他们总是担心自己会操作失误，导致打卡失败。 为了解决这些烦恼，我开始思考是否可以通过编写一个全自动化脚本来实现钉钉打卡。经过一段时间的摸索和学习，我终于成功编写出了一个适用于苹果和安卓系统的钉钉打卡脚本。