编译原理龙书答案完整性高第二章2.2ExercisesforSection2.22.2.1Considerthecontext-freegrammar:S->SS+|SS*|aShowhowthestringaa+a*canbegeneratedbythisgrammar.Constructaparsetreeforthisstring.Whatlanguagedoesthisgrammargenerate?Justifyyouranswer.answerS->SS*->SS+S*->aS+S*->aa+S*->aa+a*L={Postfixexpressionconsistingofdigits,plusandmultiplesigns}2.2.2Whatlanguageisgeneratedbythefollowinggrammars?Ineachcasejustifyyouranswer.S->0S1|01S->+SS|-SS|aS->S(S)S|εS->aSbS|bSaS|ε⧗S->a|S+S|SS|S*|(S)answerL={0n1n|n>=1}L={Prefixexpressionconsistingofplusandminussigns}L={Matchedbracketsofarbitraryarrangementandnesting,includesε}L={Stringhasthesameamountofaandb,includesε}?2.2.3WhichofthegrammarsinExercise2.2.2areambiguousanswerNoNoYesYesYes2.2.4Constructunambiguouscontext-freegrammarsforeachofthefollowinglanguages.Ineachcaseshowthatyourgrammariscorrect.Arithmeticexpressionsinpostfixnotation.Left-associativelistsofidentifiersseparatedbycommas.Right-associativelistsofidentifiersseparatedbycommas.Arithmeticexpressionsofintegersandidentifierswiththefourbinaryoperators+,-,*,/.answer1.E->EEop|num2.list->list,id|id3.list->id,list|id4.expr->expr+term|expr-term|termterm->term*factor|term/factor|factorfactor->id|num|(expr)5.expr->expr+term|expr-term|termterm->term*unary|term/unary|unaryunary->+factor|-factorfactor->id|num|(expr)2.2.5Showthatallbinarystringsgeneratedbythefollowinggrammarhavevaluesdivisibleby3.Hint.Useinductiononthenumberofnodesinaparsetree.num->11|1001|num0|numnumDoesthegrammargenerateallbinarystringswithvaluesdivisibleby3?answerproveanystringderivedfromthegrammarcanbeconsideredtobeasequenceconsistingof11,1001and0,andnotprefixedwith0.thesumofthisstringis:sum=Σn(21+20)*2n+Σm(23+20)*2m=Σn3*2n+Σm9*2mItisobviouslycandivisibleby3.No.Considerstring"10101",itisdivisibleby3,butcannotderivedfromthegrammar.Question:anygeneralprove?2.2.6Constructacontext-freegrammarforromannumerals.Note:wejustconsiderasubsetofromannumeralswhichislessthan4k.answerwikipedia:Roman_numeralsviawikipedia,wecancategorizethesinglenomannumeralsinto4groups:I,II,III|IV|V,VI,VII,VIII|IXthengettheproduction:digit->smallDigit|IV|VsmallDigit|IXsmallDigit->I|II|III|εandwecanfindasimplewaytomapromantoarabicnumerals.Forexample:XII=>X,II=>10+2=>12CXCIX=>C,XC,IX=>100+90+9=>199MDCCCLXXX=>M,DCCC,LXXX=>1000+800+80=>1880viatheuppertworules,wecanderivetheproduction:romanNum->thousandhundredtendigitthousand->M|MM|MMM|εhundred->smallHundred|CD|DsmallHundred|CMsmallHundred->C|CC|CCC|εten->smallTen|XL|LsmallTen|XCsmallTen->X|XX|XXX|εdigit->smallDigit|IV|VsmallDigit|IXsmallDigit->I|II|III|ε2.3ExercisesforSection2.32.3.1Constructasyntax-directedtranslationschemethattrans­latesarithmeticexpressionsfrominfixnotationintoprefixnotationinwhichanoperatorappearsbeforeitsoperands;e.g.,-xyistheprefixnotationforx-y.Giveannotatedparsetreesfortheinputs9-5+2and9-5*2.。
answerproductions:expr->expr+term|expr-term|termterm->term*factor|term/factor|factorfactor->digit|(expr)translationschemes:expr->{print("+")}expr+term|{print("-")}expr-term|termterm->{print("*")}term*factor|{print("/")}term/factor|factorfactor->digit{print(digit)}|(expr)2.3.2Constructasyntax-directedtranslationschemethattrans­latesarithmeticexpressionsfrompostfixnotationintoinfixnotation.Giveannotatedparsetreesfortheinputs95-2*and952*-.answerproductions:expr->exprexpr+|exprexpr-|exprexpr*|exprexpr/|digittranslationschemes:expr->expr{print("+")}expr+|expr{print("-")}expr-|{print("(")}expr{print(")*(")}expr{print(")")}*|{print("(")}expr{print(")/(")}expr{print(")")}/|digit{print(digit)}AnotherreferenceanswerE->{print("(")}E{print(op)}E{print(")"}}op|digit{print(digit)}2.3.3Constructasyntax-directedtranslationschemethattrans­latesintegersintoromannumeralsanswerassistantfunction:repeat(sign,times)//repeat('a',2)='aa'translationschemes:num->thousandhundredtendigit{num.roman=thousand.roman||hundred.roman||ten.roman||digit.roman;print(num.roman)}thousand->low{thousand.roman=repeat('M',low.v)}hundred->low{hundred.roman=repeat('C',low.v)}|4{hundred.roman='CD'}|high{hundred.roman='D'||repeat('X',high.v-5)}|9{hundred.roman='CM'}ten->low{ten.roman=repeat('X',low.v)}|4{ten.roman='XL'}|high{ten.roman='L'||repeat('X',high.v-5)}|9{ten.roman='XC'}digit->low{digit.roman=repeat('I',low.v)}|4{digit.roman='IV'}|high{digit.roman='V'||repeat('I',high.v-5)}|9{digit.roman='IX'}low->0{low.v=0}|1{low.v=1}|2{low.v=2}|3{low.v=3}high->5{high.v=5}|6{high.v=6}|7{high.v=7}|8{high.v=8}2.3.4Constructasyntax-directedtranslationschemethattrans­latesromannumeralsintointegers.answerproductions:romanNum->thousandhundredtendigitthousand->M|MM|MMM|εhundred->smallHundred|CD|DsmallHundred|CMsmallHundred->C|CC|CCC|εten->smallTen|XL|LsmallTen|XCsmallTen->X|XX|XXX|εdigit->smallDigit|IV|VsmallDigit|IXsmallDigit->I|II|III|εtranslationschemes:romanNum->thousandhundredtendigit{romanNum.v=thousand.v||hundred.v||ten.v||digit.v;print(romanNun.v)}thousand->M{thousand.v=1}|MM{thousand.v=2}|MMM{thousand.v=3}|ε{thousand.v=0}hundred->smallHundred{hundred.v=smallHundred.v}|CD{hundred.v=smallHundred.v}|DsmallHundred{hundred.v=5+smallHundred.v}|CM{hundred.v=9}smallHundred->C{smallHundred.v=1}|CC{smallHundred.v=2}|CCC{smallHundred.v=3}|ε{hundred.v=0}ten->smallTen{ten.v=smallTen.v}|XL{ten.v=4}|LsmallTen{ten.v=5+smallTen.v}|XC{ten.v=9}smallTen->X{smallTen.v=1}|XX{smallTen.v=2}|XXX{smallTen.v=3}|ε{smallTen.v=0}digit->smallDigit{digit.v=smallDigit.v}|IV{digit.v=4}|VsmallDigit{digit.v=5+smallDigit.v}|IX{digit.v=9}smallDigit->I{smallDigit.v=1}|II{smallDigit.v=2}|III{smallDigit.v=3}|ε{smallDigit.v=0}2.3.5Constructasyntax-directedtranslationschemethattrans­latespostfixarithmeticexpressionsintoequivalentprefixarithmeticexpressions.answerproduction:expr->exprexprop|digittranslationscheme:expr->{print(op)}exprexprop|digit{print(digit)}ExercisesforSection2.42.4.1Constructrecursive-descentparsers,startingwiththefollow­inggrammars:S->+SS|-SS|aS->S(S)S|εS->0S1|01Answer1)S->+SS|-SS|avoidS(){switch(lookahead){case"+":match("+");S();S();break;case"-":match("-");S();S();break;case"a":match("a");break;default:thrownewSyntaxException();}}voidmatch(Terminalt){if(lookahead=t){lookahead=nextTerminal();}else{thrownewSyntaxException()}}2)S->S(S)S|εvoidS(){if(lookahead=="("){S();match("(");S();match(")");S();}}3)S->0S1|01voidS(){switch(lookahead){case"0":match("0");S();match("1");break;case"1"://match(epsilon);break;default:thrownewSyntaxException();}}ExercisesforSection2.62.6.1ExtendthelexicalanalyzerinSection2.6.5toremovecom­ments,definedasfollows:Acommentbeginswith//andincludesallcharactersuntiltheendofthatline.Acommentbeginswith/*andincludesallcharactersthroughthenextoccurrenceofthecharactersequence*/.2.6.2ExtendthelexicalanalyzerinSection2.6.5torecognizetherelationaloperators.2.6.3ExtendthelexicalanalyzerinSection2.6.5torecognizefloat­ingpointnumberssuchas2.,3.14,and.5.AnswerSourcecode:commit8dd1a9aCodesnippet(src/lexer/Lexer.java):publicTokenscan()throwsIOException,SyntaxException{for(;;peek=(char)stream.read()){if(peek==''||peek=='\t'){continue;}elseif(peek=='\n'){line=line+1;}else{break;}}//handlecommentif(peek=='/'){peek=(char)stream.read();if(peek=='/'){//singlelinecommentfor(;;peek=(char)stream.read()){if(peek=='\n'){break;}}}elseif(peek=='*'){//blockcommentcharprevPeek='';for(;;prevPeek=peek,peek=(char)stream.read()){if(prevPeek=='*'&&peek=='/'){break;}}}else{thrownewSyntaxException();}}//handlerelationsignif("".indexOf(peek)>-1){StringBufferb=newStringBuffer();b.append(peek);peek=(char)stream.read();if(peek=='='){b.append(peek);}returnnewRel(b.toString());}//handlenumber,notypesensitiveif(Character.isDigit(peek)||peek=='.'){BooleanisDotExist=false;StringBufferb=newStringBuffer();do{if(peek=='.'){isDotExist=true;}b.append(peek);peek=(char)stream.read();}while(isDotExist==true?Character.isDigit(peek):Character.isDigit(peek)||peek=='.');returnnewNum(newFloat(b.toString()));}//handlewordif(Character.isLetter(peek)){StringBufferb=newStringBuffer();do{b.append(peek);peek=(char)stream.read();}while(Character.isLetterOrDigit(peek));Strings=b.toString();Wordw=words.get(s);if(w==null){w=newWord(Tag.ID,s);words.put(s,w);}returnw;}Tokent=newToken(peek);peek='';returnt;}ExercisesforSection2.82.8.1For-statementsinCandJavahavetheform:for(exprl;expr2;expr3)stmtThefirstexpressionisexecutedbeforetheloop;itistypicallyusedforinitializ­ingtheloopindex.Thesecondexpressionisatestmadebeforeeachiterationoftheloop;theloopisexitediftheexpressionbecomesO.Theloopitselfcanbethoughtofasthestatement{stmtexpr3;}.Thethirdexpressionisexecutedattheendofeachiteration;itistypicallyusedtoincrementtheloopindex.Themeaningofthefor-statementissimilartoexpr1;while(expr2){stmtexpr3;}DefineaclassForforfor-statements,similartoclassIfinFig.2.43.AnswerclassForextendsStmt{ExprE1;ExprE2;ExprE3;StmtS;publicFor(Exprexpr1,Exprexpr2,Exprexpr3,Stmtstmt){E1=expr1;E2=expr2;E3=expr3;S=stmt;}publicvoidgen(){E1.gen();Labelstart=newLable();Lalelend=newLable();emit("ifFalse"+E2.rvalue().toString()+"goto"+end);S.gen();E3.gen();emit("goto"+start);emit(end+":")}}2.8.2TheprogramminglanguageCdoesnothaveabooleantype.ShowhowaCcompilermighttranslateanif-statementintothree-addresscode.AnswerReplaceemit("isFalse"+E.rvalue().toString()+"goto"+after);withemit("ifNotEqual"+E.rvalue().toString()+"0goto"+after);oremit("isNotEqualZero"+E.rvalue().toString()+"goto"+after);
2025/11/27 8:37:48 658KB 龙书答案 完整性高
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本人是从0开始自学Emit的,中间比较难受的就是好多Opcpde指令不知道是什么意思、不会用,后来经过查资料总算是搞明白点了。
除了在网上查资料之外学习MSIL另一个好方法就是.NetReflector和ildasm.exe配合使用,.NetReflector可以把Emit代码转换为普通C#代码,ildasm.exe可以把普通C#代码转换为MSIL,不会写某一功能的Emit代码就先把它的C#代码写出来,用ildasm.exe转换成MSIL,然后根据生成的MSIL逻辑去写Emit代码,这个很好用。
2025/8/3 20:21:12 25KB Emit Opcodes
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麻雀虽小,五脏俱全,这是一个可直接用于生产的脚手架包含:DBHelper:数据库操作类,使用原生SQL,查询结果映射到Model,操作数据库非常方便,支持异步,提供了Emit版本的属性赋值比反射性能高,但暂未使用,支持MySQL、Oracle、SQLServer、SQLite、AccessModel生成器:用于生成和数据库表与字段一一对应的Model类,支持MySQL、Oracle、SQLServer、SQLiteToken验证在拦截器里统一处理异常在拦截器里统一写操作日志集成了kafka,但只写了生产者,消费者没写集成了自己写的Socket工具类,业务耦合较重,可以自己改
2025/6/6 14:15:26 1.81MB WebAPI DBHelper Socket 反射
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基于vue的家具商城的设计与实现;
在本项目中运用了vue,原生js,axios,div+css的相关知识实现用户注册登录,通过调取接口文档来实现数据的展示;
实现列表页的展示;
通过vue路由传参来传递参数;
实现详情页的数据调取和展示;
通过props以及emit来实现父子组件之间的传值;
通过this.$eventBus.$emit和this.$eventBus.$on来实现非父子组件之间的传值;
实现事件派发和事件监听;
2023/10/8 5:56:19 61.59MB vue js axios vant
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附录c编译程序实验实验目的:用c语言对一个简单语言的子集编制一个一遍扫描的编译程序,以加深对编译原理的理解,掌握编译程序的实现方法和技术。
语法分析C2.1实验目的编制一个递归下降分析程序,实现对词法分析程序所提供的单词序列的语法检查和结构分析.C2.2实验要求利用C语言编制递归下降分析程序,并对简单语言进行语法分析.C2.2.1待分析的简单语言的语法实验目的通过上机实习,加深对语法制导翻译原理的理解,掌握将语法分析所识别的语法成分变换为中间代码的语义翻译方法.实验要求采用递归下降语法制导翻译法,对算术表达式、赋值语句进行语义分析并生成四元式序列。
实验的输入和输出输入是语法分析提供的正确的单词串,输出为三地址指令方式的四元式序列。
例如:对于语句串begina:=2+3*4;x:=(a+b)/cend#输出的三地址指令如下:(1)t1=3*4(2)t2=2+t1(3)a=t2(4)t3=a+b(5)t4=t3/c(6)x=t4算法思想1设置语义过程(1)emit(char*result,char*arg1,char*op,char*ag2)该函数功能是生成一个三地址语句送到四元式表中。
四元式表的结构如下:struct{charresult[8];charag1[8];charop[8];charag2[8];}quad[20];(2)char*newtemp()该函数回送一个新的临时变量名,临时变量名产生的顺序为T1,T2,….Char*newtemp(void){char*p;charm[8];p=(char*)malloc(8);k++;itoa(k,m,10);strcpy(p+1,m);p[0]=’t’;return(p);}(2)主程序示意图如图c.10所示。
(2)函数lrparser在原来语法分析的基础上插入相应的语义动作:将输入串翻译成四元式序列。
在实验中我们只对表达式、赋值语句进行翻译。
语义分析程序的C语言程序框架intlrparser(){intschain=0;kk=0;if(syn=1){读下一个单词符号;
schain=yucu;/调用语句串分析函数进行分析/if(syn=6){读下一个单词符号;
if(syn=0&&(kk==0))输出(“success”);}else{if(kk!=1)输出‘缺end’错误;
kk=1;}else{输出’begin’错误;
kk=1;}}return(schain);intyucu(){intschain=0;schain=statement();/调用语句分析函数进行分析/while(syn=26){读下一个单词符号;
schain=statement();/调用语句分析函数进行分析/}return(schain);}intstatement(){chartt[8],eplace[8];intschain=0;{switch(syn){case10:strcpy(tt,token);scanner();if(syn=18){读下一个单词符号;
strcpy(eplace,expression());emit(tt,eplace,””,””);schain=0;}else{输出’缺少赋值号’的错误;
kk=1;}return(schain);break;}}char*expression(void){char*tp,*ep2,*eplace,*tt;tp=(char*)malloc(12);/分配空间/ep2=(char*)malloc(12);eplace=(char*)malloc(12);tt=(char)malloc(12);strcpy(eplace,term());/调用term分析产生表达式计算的第一项eplace/while(syn=13or14){操作符tt=‘+’或者‘—’;
读下一个单词符号;
strcpy(ep2,term());/调用term分析产生表达式计算的第二项ep2/strcpy(tp,newtemp());/调用newtemp产生临时变量tp存储计算结果/emit(tp,eplace,tt,ep2);/生成四元式送入四元式表/strcpy(eplace,tp);}return(eplace);}char*term(void)/仿照函数expression编写/char*factor
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在日常工作中,钉钉打卡成了我生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而,有时候这个看似简单的任务却给我带来了不少烦恼。 每天早晚,我总是得牢记打开钉钉应用,点击"工作台",再找到"考勤打卡"进行签到。有时候因为工作忙碌,会忘记打卡,导致考勤异常,影响当月的工作评价。而且,由于我使用的是苹果手机,有时候系统更新后,钉钉的某些功能会出现异常,使得打卡变得更加麻烦。 另外,我的家人使用的是安卓手机,他们也经常抱怨钉钉打卡的繁琐。尤其是对于那些不太熟悉手机操作的长辈来说,每次打卡都是一次挑战。他们总是担心自己会操作失误,导致打卡失败。 为了解决这些烦恼,我开始思考是否可以通过编写一个全自动化脚本来实现钉钉打卡。经过一段时间的摸索和学习,我终于成功编写出了一个适用于苹果和安卓系统的钉钉打卡脚本。
2024-04-09 15:03 15KB 钉钉 钉钉打卡