Thisbookintroducesyoutotheworldofdatastructuresandalgorithms.Datastructuredefinesthewaydataisarrangedincomputermemoryforfastandefficientaccesswhilealgorithmisasetofinstructiontosolveproblemsbymanipulatingthesedatastructures.DataStructuresalgorithmsInGoHemantjainCopyrightoHemantJain2017.AllRightReservedHemantJainassertsthemoralrighttobeidentifiedasheauthorofthisworkAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinorintroducedintoaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform,orbyanymeans(electrical,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise)withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionoftheauthor,exceptinthecaseofverybriefquotationsembodiedincriticalreviewsandcertainothernonco妹妹ercialusespermittedbycopyrightlaw.AnypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublicationmaybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamagesACKNOWLEDGEMENTTheauthorisverygratefultoGodALMIGhTYforhisgraceandblessingDeepestgratitudeforthehelpandsupportofmybrotherDrSumantJain.ThisbookwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupportandencouragementheprovidedIwouldliketoexpressprofoundgratitudetomyguide/myfriendNaveenKaushikforhisinvaluableencouragement,supervisionandusefulsuggestionthroughoutthisbookwritingwork.hissupportandcontinuousguidanceenablemetocompletemyworksuccessfuFinallyyetimportantly,IamthankfultoLoveSinghal,AnilberryandotherswhohelpedmedirectlyorindirectlyincompletingthisbookHemantJainTABLEOFCONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTTABLEOFCONTENTSChAPTERO:HOWTOUSETHISBOOKWHATTHISBOOKISABOUTPREPARATIONPLANSSUMMARYChAPTER1:NTRODUCTION-PROGRAMMIINGOVERVIEWINTRODUCTIONFIRSTGOPROGRAMvariablesconstantsBASICDATATYPESSTRINGCONDITIONSANDLOOPSFUNCTIONPARAMETERPASSINGCALLBYVALUEPOINTERSPARAMETERPASSING.CALLBYPOINTER/REFERENCESTRUCTURESMETHODSINTERFACEARRaySLICEMAP/DICTIONARYARRAYINTERVIEWQUESTIONSCONCEPTOFSTACKSYSTEMSTACKANDMETHODCALLSRECURSIVEFUNCTIONEXERCISESCHAPTER2:ALGORITHMSANALYSISINTRODUCTIONALGORITHMASYMPTOTICANALYSISBIG-ONOTATIONOMEGA-QNOTATIONTHETA-⊙NOTATIONCOMPLEXITYANALYSISOFALGORITHMSTIMECOMPLEXITYORDERDERIVINGTHERUNTIMEFUNCTIONOFANALGORITHMTIMECOMPLEXITYEXAMPLESMASTERTHEOREMMODIFIEDMASTERTHEOREMEXERCISECHAPTER3:APPROACHTOSOLVEALGORITHMDESIGNPROBLEMSINTRODUCTIONCONSTRAINTSIDEAGENERATIONCOMPLEXITIESCODINGTESTINGEⅹAMPLESUMMARYChaPTER4:ABSTRACTDATATYPEGOCollECtIonsABSTRACTDATATYPE(ADTDATA-STRUCTUREGOCOLLECTIONFRAMEWORKACKQUEUETREEBINARYTREEBINARYSEARCHTREES(BSTPRIORITYQUEUE(HEAPHASH-TABLEDICTIONARY/SYMBOLTABLEGRAPHSGRAPHALGORITHMSSORTINGALGORITHMSCOUNTINGSORTENDNOTEchaPTER5:SEARCHINGINTRODUCTIONWHYSEARCHING?DIFFERENTSEARCHINGALGORITHMSLINEARSEARCH-UNSORTEDINPUTLINEARSEARCH-SORTEDBINARYSEARCHSTRINGSEARCHINGALGORITHMSHASHINGANDSYMBOLTABLESHOWSORTINGISUSEFULINSELECTIONALGORITHM?PROBLEMSINSEARCHINGEXERCISECHAPTER6:SORTINGINTRODUCTIONTYPEOFSORTINGBUBBLE-SORTMODIFIED(IMPROVED)BUBBLE-SORTINSERTION-SORTSELECTION-SORTMERGE-SORTQUICK-SORTQUICKSELECTBUCKETSORTGENERALIZEDBUCKETSORTHEAP-SORTTREESORTINGEXTERNALSORT(EXTERNALMERGE-SORTICOMPARISONSOFTHEVARIOUSSORTINGALGORITHMSSELECTIONOFBESTSORTINGALGORITHMEXERCISEChAPTER7:LINKEDLISTINTRODUCTIONLINKEDLISTTYPESOFLINKEDLISTSINGLYLINKEDLISTDOUBLYLINKEDLISTCIRCULARLINKEDLISTDOUBLYCIRCULARLISTEXERCISEchapter8:STACKINTRODUCTIONTHESTACKABSTRACTDATATYPESTACKUSINGSLICESSTACKGENERICIMPLEMENTATIONSTACKUSINGLINKEDLISTPROBLEMSINSTACKUSESOFSTACKEXERCISEchaPTER9:QUEUEINTRODUCTIONTHEQUEUEABSTRACTDATATYPEQUEUEUSINGLISTQUEUEUSINGLINKEDLISTPROBLEMSINQUEUEEXERCISECHAPTER10:TREEINTRODUCTIONTERMINOLOGYINTREEBINARYTREETYPESOFBINARYTREESPROBLEMSINBINARYTREEBINARYSEARCHTREE(BST)PROBLEMSINBINARYSEARCHTREE(BSTISEGMENTTREEAVLTREESRED-BLACKTREESPLAYTREEB-TREEB+TREEB*TREEEXERCISECHAPTERIl:PRIORITYQUEUEINTRODUCTIONTYPESOFHEAPHEAPADTOPERATIONSOPERATIONONHEAPHEAP-SORTUSESOFHEAPPROBLEMSINHEAPPRIORITYQUEUEGENERICIMPLEMENTATION.PRIORITYQUEUEUSINGHEAPFROMCONTAINER.EXERCISECHAPTER12:HASH-TABLEINTRODUCTIONHASH-TABLEHASHIINGWITHOPENADDRESSINGHASHINGWITHSEPARATECHAININGPROBLEMSINHASHINGEXERCISEChaPTER13:GRAPHSINTRODUCTIONGRAPHREPRESENTATIONADJACENCYMATRIXADJACENCYLISTGRAPHTRAVERSALSDEPTHFIRSTTRAVERSALBREADTHFIRSTTRAVERSALPROBLEMSINGRAPHDIRECTEDACYCLICGRAPHTOPOLOGICALSORTMINIMUMSPANNINGTREES(MST)SHORTESTPATHALGORITHMSINGRAPHEXERCISEChAPTER14:STRINGALGORITHMSTRODUCTIONSTRINGMATCHINGDICTIONARY/SYMBOLTABLEPROBLEMSINSTRINGEXERCISECHAPTER15:ALGORITHMDESIGNTECHNIQUESNTRODUCTIONBRUTEFORCEALGORITHMGREEDYALGORITHMDIVIDE-AND-CONQUER,DECREASE-AND-CONQUERDYNAMICPROGRAMMINGREDUCTIONTRANSFORM-AND-CONQUERBACKTRACKINGBRANCH-AND-BOUNDAALGORITHMCONCLUSIONCHAPTER16:BRUTEFORCEALGORITHMINTRODUCTIONPROBLEMSINBRUTEFORCEALGORITHMCONCLUSIONCHAPTER17:GREEDYALGORITHMINTRODUCTIONPROBLEMSONGREEDYALGORITHMCHAPTER18:DIVIDE-AND-CONQUER,DECREASE-AND-CONQUER

在日常工作中，钉钉打卡成了我生活中不可或缺的一部分。然而，有时候这个看似简单的任务却给我带来了不少烦恼。 每天早晚，我总是得牢记打开钉钉应用，点击"工作台"，再找到"考勤打卡"进行签到。有时候因为工作忙碌，会忘记打卡，导致考勤异常，影响当月的工作评价。而且，由于我使用的是苹果手机，有时候系统更新后，钉钉的某些功能会出现异常，使得打卡变得更加麻烦。 另外，我的家人使用的是安卓手机，他们也经常抱怨钉钉打卡的繁琐。尤其是对于那些不太熟悉手机操作的长辈来说，每次打卡都是一次挑战。他们总是担心自己会操作失误，导致打卡失败。 为了解决这些烦恼，我开始思考是否可以通过编写一个全自动化脚本来实现钉钉打卡。经过一段时间的摸索和学习，我终于成功编写出了一个适用于苹果和安卓系统的钉钉打卡脚本。