nmanydataanalysistasks,oneisoftenconfrontedwithveryhighdimensionaldata.Featureselectiontechniquesaredesignedtofindtherelevantfeaturesubsetoftheoriginalfeatureswhichcanfacilitateclustering,classificationandretrieval.Thefeatureselectionproblemisessentiallyacombinatorialoptimizationproblemwhichiscomputationallyexpensive.Traditionalfeatureselectionmethodsaddressthisissuebyselectingthetoprankedfeaturesbasedoncertainscorescomputedindependentlyforeachfeature.Theseapproachesneglectthepossiblecorrelationbetweendifferentfeaturesandthuscannotproduceanoptimalfeaturesubset.InspiredfromtherecentdevelopmentsonmanifoldlearningandL1-regularizedmodelsforsubsetselection,weproposehereanewapproach,called{\emMulti-Cluster/ClassFeatureSelection}(MCFS),forfeatureselection.Specifically,weselectthosefeaturessuchthatthemulti-cluster/classstructureofthedatacanbebestpreserved.Thecorrespondingoptimizationproblemcanbeefficientlysolvedsinceitonlyinvolvesasparseeigen-problemandaL1-regularizedleastsquaresproblem.ItisimportanttonotethatMCFScanbeappliedinsuperised,unsupervisedandsemi-supervisedcases.Ifyoufindthesealgoirthmsuseful,weappreciateitverymuchifyoucanciteourfollowingworks:PapersDengCai,ChiyuanZhang,XiaofeiHe,"UnsupervisedFeatureSelectionforMulti-clusterData",16thACMSIGKDDConferenceonKnowledgeDiscoveryandDataMining(KDD'10),July2010.BibtexsourceXiaofeiHe,DengCai,andParthaNiyogi,"LaplacianScoreforFeatureSelection",AdvancesinNeuralInformationProcessingSystems18(NIPS'05),Vancouver,Canada,2005Bibtexsource

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IT项目管理（英文版.第四版）/（美）施瓦尔布（Schwalbe，K.）著.—北京:机械工业出版社，2006.7（经典原版书库）课后习题答案语言——英文Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongorganizationscollectandcontrolanentiresuiteofprojectsorinvestmentsasonesetofinterrelatedactivitiesinaportfolio.Theprojectportfoliomanagementingeneralisdividedintofivelevels,fromthesimpletothecomplexare:1]Putalltheitemsintoadatabase2Settingprioritiesfortheitemsinthedatabase3]Accordingtothedifferenttypeofinvestment,theseitemsweredividednto2-3Budget4RunKnowledgebaseautomatically5ApplythemodernPortfolioTheory7.WhataretheskillsrequiredforProjectManagers?Answer:Projectmanagersneedawidevarietyofskills.Theyneedbothhard"andsoftskillsHardskillsincludeproductknowledgeandknowinghowtousevariousprojectmanagementtoolsandtechniquesoSoftskillsincludebeingabletoworkwithvarioustypesofpeople.1)Communicationskills:Listens,persuades2)Organizationalskills:Plans,setsgoals,analyzes3)Team-buildingskills:Showsempathy(同感,共鸣),motivates,promotesespritdecorps4)Leadershipskills:Setsexamples,providesvision(bigpicture),delegatespositive,energetic5]Copingskills:Flexible,creative,patient,persistent6Technologyskills:Experience,projectknowledge8.ExpandPMiandPMP?AnswerPMI:ProjectManagementInstitutePMP:ProjectManagementProfessionaChapter-21.ExplainSystemApproachofProjectmanagement?AnswersSystemsapproachdescribesaholistic(A])andanalyticalapproachtoPage3Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongsolvingcomplexproblemsThreepartsinclude:Systemsphilosophy:Viewthingsassystems,whichareinteracting(fh互作用)componentsthatworkwithinanenvironmenttofulfillsomepurposeSystemsanalysisisaproblem-solvingapproach1)Definethescopeofthesystem2Divideintocomponents3Identifyandevaluatingsystemproblems,opportunities,constraintsandneeds4]Examinealternativesolutionforimprovingthecurrentsituation5)Identify(f)ansolutionoractionplanandexaminethatplanagainsttheentiresySystemsmanagement:Addressbusiness,technological,andorganizationalissuesassociatedwithcreating,maintaining,andmakingchangestosystems1Identifyandsatisfythekeystakeholders2Doingthebestfortheorganization2.Whatarethethreebasicorganizationalstructures?Answer:Threegeneralclassificationsoforganizationalstructuresarefunctional,project,andmatrix.Afunctionalorganizationalstructureisthehierarchy.Functionalmanagersorvicepresidentsinspecialtiesreporttotheceo.Thestaffshavespecializedskills.Aprojectorganizationalstructurealsohasahierarchicalstructure,buttheirprogrammanagersreporttotheceoAmatrixorganizationalstructurerepresentsthemiddlegroundbetweenfunctionalandprojectstructures3.DrawandexplainthephasesofthetraditionalprojectLifeCycle?Answer:Page4Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongProjectFeasibilityProjectAcquisitionConceptDevelopmentImplementationClose-outFigurePhasesofthetraditionalprojectlifecycleIntheconceptphaseofaproject,managersusuallybrieflydescribetheproject-theydevelopaveryhigh-levelorsummaryplanfortheproject,whichdescribestheneedforprojectandbasicunderlyingconceptInthedevelopmentphase,theprojectteamcreatesmoredetailedprojectplans,amoreaccuratecostestimate,andamorethoroughwbsIntheImplementationphase,theprojectteamcreatesadefinitiveorveryaccuratecostestimate,deliverstherequiredwork,andprovidesperformancereportstostakeholdersIntheclose-outphase,alloftheworkiscompleted,andthereshouldbesomesortofcustomeracceptanceoftheentireproject4.Whatarephaseexits?Answer:phaseexitsarethephase-endreviewofkeydeliverablesthatallowtheorganizationtoevaluatetheprojectsperformanceandtotakeimmediateactiontocorrectanyerrorsorproblems5.Howcantopmanagementhelpprojectmanagers?Answer:TopmanagementcanhelpprojectmanagersinthefollowingwaysTheprojectmanagerneedsadequate(足够的)resourcesThebestwaytokillaprojectistowithhold(E)therequiredmoney,humanresources,andvisibilityfortheproject.Iftheprojectmanagershavetopmanagementcommitment,theywillalsohaveadequateresourcesandnotbedistractedbyeventsthatdonotaffecttheirspecificprojectsProjectmanagersoftenrequireapprovalforuniqueprojectneedsinatimelymannerProjectmanagersmusthavecooperationfrompeopleinotherpartsofthePage5Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongorganizationProjectmanagersoftenneedsomeonetomentorandcoachthemonleadershipissuesChapter-31.ExplainProjectmanagementprocessgroups?AnswerInitiatingPlanningExecutingandControllingClosingProcessProcessProcessProcessProcessGroupGrouproupGroupGroupActivityStartFinishTimeMonitoringInitiatingExecutingandClosingControllig∩,,PlanningkProjectmanagementprocessgroupsprogressfrominitiationactivitiestoplanningactivities,executingactivities,monitoringandcontrollingactivities,andclosingactivities.Initiatingprocessesincludedefiningandauthorizingaprojectorprojectphase.Planningprocessesincludedevisingandmaintainingaworkablescheme.ExecutingprocessesincludecoordinatingpeopleandotherresourcesMonitoringandcontrollingprocessesincluderegularlymeasuringandmonitoringprogresstoensurethattheprojectteammeetstheprojectobjectives.ClosingprocessesincludeformalizingacceptanceoftheprojectorprojectphaseandendingitefficientlyPage6Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongChaptter-41.DrawProjectManagementFramework?Answer:TheProjectManagementFrameworkisProjectPortfolioProject1Project9KnowledgeAreasToolsandProject3EySEnterpriseProject4uccessCorefunctionstechniquesProject5TimeCostQualityProject6MatMgt.MgtMat1gProjectIntegrationManagementProjectStakeholders'SuccessedsandexpectatonsHRComm.RiskProcure.G++MatMatMgtMatFacilitatingFunctions2.ListthevariousProjectIntegrationManagementProcesses?Answer1)Developtheprojectcharter,whichinvolvesworkingwithstakeholderstocreatethedocumentthatformallyauthorizesaproject-thecharter2)Developthepreliminaryprojectscopestatement,whichinvolvesurtherworkwithstakeholders,especiallyusersoftheproject'sproducts,services,orresults,todevelopthehigh-levelscoperequirements.Theoutputofthisprocessistheprocessisthepreliminaryprojectscopestatement3Developtheprojectmanagementplan,whichinvolvescoordinatingallplanningeffortstocreateaconsistent,coherentdocument-theprojectmanagementplan4Directandmanageprojectexecution,whichinvolvescarryingouttheprojectmanagementplanbyperformingtheactivitiesincludedinit.Theoutputsofthisprocessaredeliverables,requestedchanges,workperformanceinformation,implementedchangerequest,correctiveactions,preventiveactions,anddefectrepair.5)Monitorandcontroltheprojectwork,whichinvolvesoverseeingPage7Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHongprojectworktomeettheperformanceobjectiveoftheproject.Theoutputsofthisprocessarerecommendeddefectrepair,andrequestedchanges6)Performintegratedchangecontrol,whichinvolvescoordinatingchangesthataffecttheproject'sdeliverablesandorganizationalprocessassets.Theoutputsofthisprocessincludeapprovedandrejectedchangerequests,approvedcorrectiveandpreventiveactions,approvedandvalidateddefectrepair,deliverables,andupdatestothepIrojectmanagementplanandprojectscopestatement.7Closetheproject,whichinvolvesfinalizingallprojectactivitiestoformallyclosetheprojectOutputsofthisprocessincludefinalproducts,services,orresults,administrativeandcontractclosureprocedures,andupdatestoorganizationalprocessassets3.WhatisSWotanalysis?Answer:SWOTAnalysisisastrategicplanningmethodusedtoevaluatetheStrengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,andThreatsinvolvedinaprojectorinabusinessventure.Itinvolvesspecifyingtheobjectiveofthebusinessventureorprojectandidentifyingtheinternalandexternalfactorsthatarefavorableandunfavorabletoachievingthatobjective4.WhatisaProjectcharterdocument?Answer:Aprojectcharterisadocumentthatformallyrecognizestheexistenceofaprojectandprovidesdirectionontheproject'sobjectivesandmanagement5.Whatisscopestatementdocument?Answer:ScopeStatementisadocumentfortherighttoreachacommonunderstandingofprojectscopeaswellastheconfirmation.Itdescribesindetailwhatworkshouldbeaccomplishedintheproject,andisanimportanttooltopreventthespreadofthescope.Scopestatementshouldincludetheoverallprojectobjectivesanddescription,productdescription,allprojectdeliverables,aswellasasynthesisofthedeterminantsofsuccessoftheprojectdescriptions6.Whatisscopecreeps?Answer:Scopecreepisthetendencyofaprojecttoincludemoretasksortoimplementmoresystemsthanoriginallyspecified,whichoftenleadstoPage8Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHonghiigherthanplannedprojectcostsandanextensionoftheinitialimplementationdate.Inotherwordsitbasicallymeansafeaturethatwasinitiallythoughttobesimplethat'sexplodinginscale7.Whatarethecommonelementsofaprojectmanagementplan?AnsweroIntroductionoroverviewoftheproject1)Projectname2Projectdescriptionitsneed3Sponsor'sname4NamesofthePMProjectTeamdEliverables6Listofreferencematerials7)ListofdefinitionsandacronymsoDescriptionofhowtheprojectisorganizedOrganizationalcharts2Projectresponsibilities3Otherorganizationalorprocess-relatedinformationManagementandtechnicalprocessesusedontheproject1)ManagementobjectivesProjectControls3RiskManagement4staffing5TechnicalProcessesoWorktobedone,schedule,andbudgetinformation1)Majorworkpackages2)Keydeliverables3)Otherwork-relatedinformation4Summaryschedule5Detailedschedule6Otherschedule-relatedinformation7Summarybudgets8Detailedbudget9)OtherbudgetrelatedinformationPage9Class130613Team3MadeByWangWanHong8.Whatisstakeholderanalysis?Answer:Stakeholderanalysisisanimportanttechniqueforstakeholderidentificationanalyzingtheirneeds.Itisusedtoidentifyallkeystakeholderswhohavevestedinterestintheissueswithwhichtheprojectisconcerned.Theaimofstakeholderanalysisprocessistodevelopastrategicviewofthehumanandinstitutionallandscape,andtherelationshipsbetweenthedifferentstakeholdersandtheissuestheycareaboutmost9.ExplainCCBsAnswer:CCBisaChangeControlBoardforshort.CCBsprovideguidelinesforpreparingchangerequests,evaluatechangerequests,andmanagetheimplementationofapprovedchanges10.Explain48-hourspolicy?Answer:A"48-hourpolicy"canhelptaskleadersonalargeinformationtechnologyprojectreachagreementsonkeydecisionsorchangeswithintheirexpertiseandauthority.Itallowsprojectteammemberstomakeadecisionandhave48hourstoseekapprovalfromtopmanagement.Iftheteamdecisioncannotbeimplemented,managementhas48hourstoreverseadecision;otherwise,theteamsdecisionisapprovedChapter-51.WhatisProjectScopeManagement?Answer:Projectscopemanagementisthedefinitionaboutwhatisincludedandwhatisnotincludedintheprojectandtheprocessofcontrolling.Thisprocessensuresthattheprojectteamandstakeholdershaveacommonunderstandingoftheprojectproductsastheprojectresultandtheprocessesusedinproducingtheseproducts.Themainprocessesare:Scopeplan;Scopedefinition;CreateWBS;Scopeconfirm;Scopecontrol2.ListthevariousProjectscopemanagementProcesses?AnswereScopeplanningDecidinghowthescopewillbedefined,verified,andcontrolledandhowthewbswillbecreatedPage10

故事情节基于文法的文本扩展器，位于的静脉中。
通过定义语法并运行生成器来使用Storygen。
语法是字符串到字符串的数组映射（或JavaScript中具有字符串数组的对象）。
有关更多资源，请参见让我们看一个例子。
{origin:["#test#"],test:["hi","hello","hola"]}运行时，它将随机输出“hi”，“hello”或“hola”之一。
还有其他定义语法部分的方法。
函数（#funcName（arg1，arg2，...））random（min：Int，max：Int）=＞返回介于min和max之间的随机数。
switch（symbol，['val=＞symbol']）=＞根据输入val返回一个符号。
grammar={numberOfPeople:['#rand

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